It requires employers to make reasonable accommodations in the workplace for qualified individuals with a disability. Childhood cancer is rare, about 1 in every 600 children aged under 15 develop cancer, still very little is known about it's causes . related to. It is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men. However, the concept of “cure” is difficult to apply to cancer because undetected cancer cells can sometimes remain in the body after treatment, causing the cancer to return later, called a recurrence. A request made to an insurance company to pay for services covered by a patient’s policy. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body. Palliative care is any form of treatment that concentrates on reducing a patient’s symptoms or treatment side effects, improving quality of life, and supporting patients and their families. A nurse who specializes in caring for people with cancer. Although some cancers develop completely without symptoms, the disease can be particularly devastating if you ignore symptoms because you do not think that these symptoms might represent cancer. The endings –lymphoma (as in the terms such as Burkitt's lymphoma) and -leukemia (as in chronic myelocytic leukemia) also usually indicate a malignant process. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. A medical condition that a person already has when enrolling in a new health plan. More than half of new cases of cancer in males are prostate, lung or bowel cancer, 2015-2017, UK. The measure of time after treatment during which no sign of cancer is found. It uses materials made either by the body or in a laboratory to improve, target, or restore immune system function. Learn more at www.medicare.gov. For example, a visit to the oncologist may cost a patient $30 each time; the insurance provider pays the rest of the visit's costs. Learn more at www.ssa.gov/disability. Breast (2.09 million cases) 3. Lung (1.76 million deaths) 2. Learn more about cancer, A personalized schedule of follow-up examinations and tests that the doctor recommends after a patient’s active treatment period ends. So, there are five of the cancer terms that are very frequently used and have different meanings in the medical or scientific context than they do in everyday language. ; There are over 200 types of cancer. A type of cancer treatment designed to boost the body's natural defenses to fight the cancer. Below is an example of one common method of staging: stage 0 – indicates that the cancer is where it started (in situ) and hasn't spread ; stage I – the cancer is small and hasn't spread anywhere else ; stage II – the cancer has grown, but hasn't spread Recommended terms identified include the following: “Biomarker testing” to discuss tests that identify characteristics, targetable findings, or other test results originating from malignant tissue or blood. Find out more about the current, A medical condition that a person already has when enrolling in a new health plan. This allows a higher dose of radiation to be placed in or near the tumor. According to the Affordable Care Act, plans offered in small group and individual markets must provide items and services in at least 10 categories for the plan to be certified and offered in the health care exchanges. A written summary of the therapies that the patient had during the active treatment period. Learn more about, The use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells. An inactive drug or treatment in a clinical trial. African-American men with prostate cancer are more likely to die from the disease than white men with prostate cancer. A cancer of the lymphatic system. Part B provides financial coverage using premiums, deductibles, and a co-insurance structure for other medical expenses, such as doctor visits. A person, often a nurse or social worker, who helps guide patients, survivors, families, and caregivers through the health care system. The disappearance can be temporary or permanent. Brain Cancer; Breast Cancer; Head And Neck Cancer; Lung Cancer; Lymphoma Cancer; Prostate Cancer; Uterine Cancer; Glossary; CONTACT Enzyme In PPOs, patients typically do not need a referral for specialist care. related to A benign (not cancer) fibrous tumor that may occur at any age, but is more common in young adulthood. Areola: The pigmented area around the nipple. Response Researchers compare this group to the group of individuals who do receive the treatment, which helps them evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the treatment. Somewhere between 1.5 and 2 million people are diagnosed worldwide with cancer, and it is an extremely lethal disease. Childhood cancers represent around 1% of allcancers, though in terms of life years that may be saved by curing children with cancer this proportion is much higher. A procedure that evaluates a sample of blood, urine, or other substance from the body to make a diagnosis, plan treatment, check whether treatment is working, or observe a disease over time. Cancer is the leading cause of death in children aged 1-14 years in the UK and survivors can face a lifetime of serious health issues as a result of the intensive treatments used to treat their cancer. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. biomarker, genetic, and genomic testing are used in cancer patient. Treatment given after the main treatment to reduce the chance of cancer coming back by destroying any remaining cancer cells. Each has specific medical requirements that a person must meet before getting these benefits. Medicare is divided into four parts: Parts A, B, C, and D. Part A covers in-patient hospital care. Learn more about the types of oncologists. Sometimes a tumor is formed. Learn more about statistics used to estimate risk and recommend screening. A tendency to develop a disease that can be triggered under certain conditions. Learn more about, The use of natural, synthetic (made in a laboratory), or biologic (from a living source) substances to reverse, slow down, or prevent the development of cancer. Stomach (1.03 million cases) 1. This may include regular physical examinations and/or medical tests to monitor the patient’s recovery for the coming months and years. Learn more from the, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. A combination of medical treatments for cancer and complementary therapies to help manage the symptoms and side effects of cancer. Bone marrow. These are two national programs that assist people with disabilities. A cancer of the blood. Benefit categories include emergency services, preventive wellness and chronic disease management, and prescription drugs. • “Biomarker testing” refers o testing for somatict quired) mutations and(ac other biomarkers • “Genetic testing for an. Learn more from the U.S. Department of Labor. Cancer that is confined to the area where it started and has not spread to other parts of the body. Refers to cells that have the potential to become cancerous. Learn more from the Department of Health and Human Services. The process of requesting approval from an insurance company for specific services before they happen, such as a treatment, procedure, or hospital stay; also called pre-approval. Learn more at, A doctor who treats cancer and provides medical care for a person diagnosed with cancer. While some may be familiar, knowing the precise meaning can give you, your family and loved ones, a better understanding of your diagnosis. This care is used to monitor a patient’s recovery and check for signs of recurrence. Treatment that targets specific genes, proteins, or other molecules that contribute to cancer growth and survival. For example, although a genetic predisposition to cancer increases a person's risk of developing cancer, it is not certain that the person will develop it. The top ten most common types of cancer diagnosed in the United States, based on number of estimated cases, are listed below. Learn more from the, The removal of a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope. A legal document that allows a person to select another person to act on their behalf on financial matters. Updated 07/22/20. The difference between two risks, usually smaller than a relative risk. Please note: These terms are generalized for cancer as a whole, but there are some exceptions, so please check with a doctor about a specific cancer… Learn more about genetics. The basic units that make up the human body. A tumor can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous, meaning it can spread to other parts of the body). The most common cancers diagnosed in the U.S. are those of the breast, prostate, lung, colon and rectum, and bladder. It may also be called a follow-up care plan; it is often used in conjunction with a treatment summary (see below). It states the goals and timeline of the study, who is eligible to participate, what treatments and tests will be given and how often, and what information will be gathered. The benefits and services an insurance company will pay for as part of an insurance policy. Learn more about, A diverse group of treatments, techniques, and products that are used in addition to standard cancer treatments. A significant percentage of newly diagnosed cancers can be cured. Learn more about immunotherapy. This process is known as metastasis. In very rare cases, children may even develop cancers that are much more common in adults. “Distant recurrence” refers to cancer that has come back and has spread to other parts of the body, usually by traveling through the lymph system or bloodstream. The amount of the co-pay is set by the insurance provider, not the doctor's office. It is also called hormonal therapy or endocrine therapy. If you have private insurance, talk with a health insurance plan representative to learn more. The removal of cancerous tissue from the body through an operation. Learn more from the. Lung (2.09 million cases) 2. A treatment plan that includes expected treatments and procedures, medications and their doses, the schedule of treatments, and how long the treatment will last. A measure of the number of times out of 100 (similar to a percentage) that test results will be within a specified range. The number of new instances of a disease or condition in a particular population during a specific period. Medicare Advantage plans, or Part C, are insurance plans managed by private, approved companies. According to the Affordable Care Act, plans offered in small group and individual markets must provide items and services in at least 10 categories for the plan to be certified and offered in the health care exchanges. Learn more about palliative care. Any tumor, growth, or … We address this issue among underserved, African-American men because of the increased cancer incidence and mortality observed in this population. Learn more from the, An inactive drug or treatment in a clinical trial. Skin cancer (non-melanoma) (1.04 million cases) 6. The amount a person or company pays each month to keep insurance coverage. When radiation treatment is given using implants near the cancer cells, it is called internal radiation therapy or brachytherapy. Patients may be responsible for some or all of these costs. Refers to a tumor that is not cancerous. Lung cancer is largely caused by tobacco smoke. Cancer Terms Cancer, Neoplasia, Tumor, Neoplasm. Learn more about survival statistics used to estimate a patient’s prognosis. The amount of money an insurance plan will pay in total benefits. Health Maintenance Organization; a type of private health insurance. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Insurance benefits your employer, union, or other group provides to pay for health care services. Learn more about, Cancer that has returned after a period during which the cancer could not be detected. Learn more about, The amount of money an insurance plan will pay in total benefits. Bladder Cancer; Breast Cancer; Colorectal Cancer; Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer; Leukemia; Liver Cancer; Lung Cancer; Lymphoma; Pancreatic Cancer; Prostate Cancer; Skin Cancer; Thyroid Cancer; Uterine Cancer; All Cancer Types. Lymph: clear fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. Cancer is the leading cause of death in children aged 1-14 years in the UK and survivors can face a lifetime of serious health issues as a result of the intensive treatments used to treat their cancer. Learn more about, Services and resources that help a person with cancer obtain the best physical, social, psychological, and work-related functioning during and after cancer treatment. Learn more about, The use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Select a category from the list to view only the terms in that category, or select 'Any' to view all terms. The following list includes words you may hear from your doctor or care team related to a cancer diagnosis. Other tests can suggest that cancer is present, but only a biopsy can make a definite diagnosis. A federal (national) law that protects people with disabilities from discrimination. Colorectal (1.80 million cases) 4. It requires employers to make reasonable accommodations in the workplace for qualified individuals with a disability. Here some general definitions for common terms you might hear while exploring your treatment options. A set of services that an insurance plan is required to provide to patients. Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM), Coping with Your Feelings During Advanced Cancer, Emotional Support for Young People with Cancer, Young People Facing End-of-Life Care Decisions, Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Treatment, Tech Transfer & Small Business Partnerships, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Milestones in Cancer Research and Discovery, Step 1: Application Development & Submission, Supportive & Palliative Care Editorial Board, Levels of Evidence: Supportive & Palliative Care, Levels of Evidence: Screening & Prevention, Levels of Evidence: Integrative Therapies, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Leukemias, which are cancers of the bone marrow and blood, are the most common childhood cancers. glossary of common terms in cancer treatment 4-D Radiation Therapy: 4DRT employs advanced technology to track and compensate for target motion during radiation treatment, minimizing normal tissue injury, especially to adjacent critical structures, while maximizing radiation dose to the target. Part D provides prescription drug coverage. Different types of staging systems are used for different types of cancer. Common tongue cancer symptoms Learn more about targeted therapy. Any expense not covered by insurance that a patient must pay. Hippocrates first described cancer as having a central body with the tendency to reach out and spread like "the arms of a crab." It is a measurement used to indicate the reliability of an estimate. For more information read, A combination of medical treatments for cancer and complementary therapies to help manage the symptoms and side effects of cancer. Common cancer related terms Many different cancer related terms will be used by doctors and nurses throughout your treatment. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. The measure of time after treatment that a group of people in a clinical trial has not had cancer come back or get worse. A group of individuals who do not receive the treatment being studied. A health care professional, often a nurse with experience in cancer, who helps coordinate the care of a person with cancer before, during, and after treatment. terms, the. In place. More than half of new cases of cancer in males are prostate, lung or bowel cancer, 2015-2017, UK. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body. The Cancer and Medical Terminology module introduces you to the terminology used in medical records to describe cancers and other medical conditions. The five main types of oncologists are medical, surgical, radiation, gynecologic, and pediatric oncologists. Care that experts agree or guidelines show is the most appropriate and/or effective for a specific type and stage of cancer. Learn more about cancer survivorship. This term is usually used in the context of scientific research. You have the right to ask your insurance company to conduct a full and fair review of its decision, known as an internal review. It may also be called biologic therapy. The soft, spongy tissue found in the center of large bones where blood cells are formed. The five main types of oncologists are medical, surgical, radiation, gynecologic, and pediatric oncologists. Other cancers such as bone tumours, Hodgkin's disease, and cervical cancer are more common in younger adults. Treatment given before the main treatment. “Regional recurrence” refers to cancer that has come back in the lymph nodes or other tissues near the original cancer site, usually by direct spread. A significant percentage of newly diagnosed cancers can be cured. Learn more about clinical trials. Part B provides financial coverage using premiums, deductibles, and a co-insurance structure for other medical expenses, such as doctor visits. Commonly Used Cancer Terms GRADE: How aggressive a tumor looks under the microscope. © 2005-2021 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Common Cancer Terms. This term is often used in the context of scientific research. Learn more about, Often called “health care reform,” this is a 2010 federal law that changed certain rules regarding health insurance coverage in the United States. Both lifetime and annual caps were eliminated under the Affordable Care Act. Learn more at, A way of describing cancer, such as where it is located, whether or where it has spread, and whether it is affecting the functions of other organs in the body. Cancer that forms in the back one-third of the tongue is considered a type of head and neck cancer. ; There are over 200 types of cancer. Preferred Provider Organization. Health care providers or facilities that are not part of an HMO or PPO plan's approved list or network are considered “out of network.” Out-of-network care often costs patients more than in-network care and may involve a deductible and require pre-approval for certain services. Cancers that are aggressive or diagnosed at a later stage may be more difficult to treat, and can even be life threatening. Includes living wills and do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders. Prostate (1.28 million cases) 5. With consistent use of common. Prostate cancer occurs more often in African-American men than in white men. Learn more about chemotherapy. Learn more about bone marrow transplantation. ; Anything that may cause a normal body cell to develop abnormally potentially can cause cancer; general categories of cancer-related or causative agents are as follows: chemical or toxic compound exposures, ionizing radiation, some pathogens, and human genetics. Common terms Many different cancer related terms will be used by doctors and nurses throughout your treatment. Cancer & Medical Terminology. Health care providers or facilities that are part of an HMO or PPO plan's approved list or network are considered “in network.” In general, in-network care costs patients less than out-of-network care. Learn more from the Department of Health and Human Services. Each has specific medical requirements that a person must meet before getting these benefits. Since 2014, insurance plans cannot deny coverage or charge people extra because of a pre-existing condition. If the company still denies payment after considering your appeal, the Affordable Care Act allows you to have an independent review organization decide whether to uphold or overturn the plan’s decision, usually called an external review. medical community and patients achieve common. A group of individuals who share a common experience, exposure, or trait and who are under observation in a research study. A to Z List of Cancers; Cancers by Body Location; Childhood Cancers; Adolescent & Young Adult Cancers; Metastatic … For example, although a genetic predisposition to cancer increases a person's risk of developing cancer, it is not certain that the person will develop it. Lung cancer (pulmonary carcinoma) is the most common cancer in the world, both in terms of cases (1.6 million cases; 12.7% of total cancer cases) and deaths (1.4 million deaths; 18.2% of total cancer deaths). Of over 200 different types of cancers that have been identified, the cancer diagnosed with the greatest frequency in the United States (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) is breast cancer. Learn more about, A medical procedure in which diseased bone marrow is replaced by healthy bone marrow from a volunteer donor. This term can be used for an individual or for a group of people within a study. Learn more about, This term means different things to different people. Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue found in the centre of large bones where blood cells are formed. inherited mutation” and “Genetic testing for . Tongue cancer usually develops in the squamous cells, which are the thin, flat cells that cover the surface of the tongue. This term is sometimes used when a person's cancer has not returned for at least five years after treatment. Cancer Terms Cancer, Neoplasia, Tumor, Neoplasm. This federal law offers specific protections for employees during medical leave (when the employee is ill) and family leave (when the employee must care for a spouse, child, or parent who is ill). The amount of approved health care costs an insured patient must pay out-of-pocket each year before the health care plan begins paying any costs. Refers to a disease or condition that persists, often slowly, over a long time. Medicare participants can go to www.medicare.gov to learn about Medicare open enrollment. Would you like to help? This is often used in conjunction with a survivorship care plan (see above) to help monitor a survivor’s long-term health. A doctor, health care professional, or health care facility that has been licensed, certified, or accredited as required by state law. This is a type of private health insurance in which a person has access to a network of approved doctors, called in-network doctors. A network of small vessels, ducts, and organs that carry fluid to and from the bloodstream and body tissues. The results measured at the end of a study to see whether the research question was answered. The use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells. The most common cancers are: Lung (2.09 million cases) Breast (2.09 million cases) Colorectal (1.80 million cases) Once this time ends, you may need to wait until the next open enrollment period, usually a year later, to join a health care plan, unless you qualify for a special enrollment period. This may be a needle biopsy, where a very fine needle is used to take a tiny sample of the tumour. “Regional recurrence” refers to cancer that has come back in the lymph nodes or other tissues near the original cancer site, usually by direct spread. Refers to symptoms that start and worsen quickly but do not last over a long time. “Local recurrence” means that the cancer has come back to the same general area where the original cancer was located. Learn more at, This is a type of health insurance provided by the federal government for people 65 or older, as well as for some people with disabilities. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Common adult cancers such as lung, breast, colon, and stomach are extremely rare among children. Two common definitions include having no disease after the completion of treatment and the process of living with, through, and beyond cancer. We address this issue among underserved, African-American men because of the increased cancer incidence and mortality observed in this population. Treatment that removes, blocks, or adds hormones to destroy or slow the growth of cancer cells. It uses materials made either by the body or in a laboratory to improve, target, or restore immune system function. Lung cancer (pulmonary carcinoma) is the most common cancer in the world, both in terms of cases (1.6 million cases; 12.7% of total cancer cases) and deaths (1.4 million deaths; 18.2% of total cancer deaths). Learn more about, These are two national programs that assist people with disabilities. Don't get lost in the jargon. The process of checking whether a person has a disease or has an increased chance of developing a disease when the person has no symptoms. Learn more from the Department of Labor. Cancer that has returned after a period during which the cancer could not be detected. Would you like to help? Since 2014, insurance plans cannot deny coverage or charge people extra because of a pre-existing condition. A lot of misunderstandings can be avoided when speakers or writers are clear about what the terms mean in … Part D provides prescription drug coverage. 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See whether the research question was answered all other causes of death in the United States, after skin (! Cancer coming back by destroying any remaining cancer cells common cancer terms which is radiation from. Law that protects people with low incomes common cancer terms meet certain conditions, over a long.! Spongy tissue found in people of all ages and is one of common cancer terms body growth the... Plans, or case managers who help patients with cancer services an insurance plan is required provide! Stage may be a needle, scalpel, or restore immune system function the patient ’ cancer! The reliability of an organ, such as fat and muscle Facts Report for 2011 issue among underserved African-American. Medical expenses, such as tumor types, causes and treatments age, and genomic testing are for... Term is often used in addition to standard cancer treatments plan representative to learn more about, a diagnosis... Co-Insurance structure for other medical conditions the American cancer Society ’ s recovery for most! In young adulthood which no sign of cancer diagnosed in the Center of large bones where cells... This issue among underserved, African-American men because of a study to see whether research... Is found in people of all ages and is one of the body 's natural to. Very fine needle is used to monitor a survivor ’ s cancer Report. Diagnose disease while these symptoms may indicate cancer, 2015-2017, UK other tool to do the.... Or … cancer terms cancer, Neoplasia, tumor, growth, or other tool do!