It appears that the mortality rate in China was higher than Japan. There was a significant inverse association with cardiovascular disease mortality in women (P=0.01 for trend) but not in men (P=0.18 for trend); there was, however, no significant evidence of a difference in these effects between men and women (P=0.08 for interaction by sex). In 2020, under-5 mortality rate for Japan was 2.3 deaths per thousand live births. The National Health and Nutrition Survey 1975-2002. The infant mortality rate for U.S. in 2020 was 5.681 deaths per 1000 live births, a 1.17% decline from 2019. There was a significant effect in individuals with normal weight (P=0.02 for trend) but not in overweight/obese individuals (P=0.79 for trend); the difference in these subgroup effects was also significant (P=0.003 for interaction by BMI). By multiplying the score (continuous) and the above stratifying variables (dichotomous), we created an interaction term that we added to the model to assess statistical interactions. National Institute of Health and Nutrition. Design Large scale population based prospective cohort study in Japan with follow-up for a median of 15 years. Participants were divided into fourths of food guide scores. Setting 11 public health centre areas across Japan. In sensitivity analyses, the associations between the dietary score and mortality were strengthened after we excluded these individuals. The second survey included data on 147 food and beverage items and nine frequency categories.28 For most food items, nine options were available for describing consumption frequency, ranging from rarely (less than once a month) to seven or more times a day. ICD-10: international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: 10th revision. Thus, well designed food frequency questionnaires could be used to estimate dish servings and calculate the adherence score. Lower mortality was observed for cardiovascular disease among those with a higher score for vegetable dishes or fruits, for cerebrovascular disease among those with a higher score for fish and meat dishes or fruits, and for heart disease among those with a higher milk score. Participants 36 624 men and 42 970 women aged 45-75 who had no history of cancer, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, or chronic liver disease. Main outcome measures Deaths and causes of death identified with the residential registry and death certificates. This association was partly explained by intake of vegetable dishes and fruits, which have been linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease not only in the present study37 but also in numerous other studies.35 Likewise, the association with mortality from cerebrovascular disease was partly explained by intake of fish and meat dishes. For cause specific mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality (particularly cerebrovascular disease mortality) was inversely associated with the food guide score; the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cardiovascular disease mortality for the lowest through highest fourth category of scores were 1.00, 0.97 (0.87 to 1.07), 0.86 (0.77 to 0.97), and 0.84 (0.73 to 0.96) (P=0.005 for trend). When individuals consumed more than the recommended equivalents of vegetable dishes or fruits, their scores for these foods were deducted in the previous Japanese study. The maternal mortality ratio, on the other hand, is the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. In the present cohort, however, dietary intake was generally stable over time; the Spearman rank correlation coefficients of intake of each dish category between the second and the third surveys ranged between 0.46 and 0.64 in men and between 0.45 and 0.64 in women. The contour map in Figure la displays this progress even for elderly males. Adults Differences in adult mortality among countries are large and growing. Vital statistics injury mortality data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. Of the participants in the analytic cohort, 43 676 (19 778 men and 23 898 women) participated in the 10 year follow-up survey (that is, the third survey) and completed the food frequency questionnaire. Firstly, the food frequency questionnaire was not developed for the purpose of estimating the adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top. One of the biggest challenges in both the developed and developing countries in the 20 th and 21 st centuries has been to decrease infant mortality rates. More troublingly, the United States is a place where having a baby means risking your own life, as our Maternal Mortality Rate is the highest in the developed world.. 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