The powder is tangy and spicy, and has a color ranging from amber to carmine. [6] Unlike the highly rigid grid patterns of ancient cities in the central highlands of Mexico, the builders of El Tajin designed and aligned buildings as individual units. In 1935-38 the first formal mapping, clearing and exploration was done by Agustin Garcia Vega. [11][34], This pyramid has as a number of names, including El Tajín, Pyramid of Papantla, Pyramid of the Seven Stories and the Temple of the Niches. [33], This is called the Arroyo Group because two streams surround it on three sides. May 28, 2020 July 28, 2020 Tony 461 Leave a Comment on Papantla: El Tajin archaeological zone. El Tajin was the only site in Mexico where I was able to get my “over 60’s free entry” –everywhere else it has been limited to Mexican citizens and registered overseas residents. The figure on the right holds a large knife which is at the center figure's neck. It has vertical sides and is about 213 feet (65 m) long. There have been a number of research projects as well as reconstruction projects and projects to make more of the site accessible to visitors. Die wichtigste Pyramide ist die sogenannte Nischenpyramide (Piramide de los Nichos). This allowed for more intensive investigation of the area. Este monumento destaca por su belleza y cuando se menciona El Tajín, generalmente se piensa que se hace referencia sólo a la famosa pirámide. [6], When it was rediscovered by officialdom in 1785, the site was known to the local Totonac, whose ancestors may also have built the city, as El Tajín, which was said to mean “of thunder or lightning bolt”. It is probably that this building was used by priests or rulers to receive visitors, petitioners and others. Behind the players are two figures, one with a deer head, who are watching from the court walls as well as the death deity again above. A large quantity of sculpture was recovered from this pyramid. Danach lassen sich die vier Winde kopfüber langsam mit 13 Drehungen auf die Erde nieder. 1992 wurde El Tajín zum UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe. Its most imposing structure is the Pyramid of the Niches, named for the approximately 365 recesses on its four sides. Nach ihr wurde die Tajín-Kultur benannt. [17][37], The ritual function of the building is not primarily calendaric. It has been determined that this was the city marketplace because of the large plaza space for stalls and for a deity found here that is related to commerce. [41] Tajin Chico is so named because it was initially thought to be a separate but related site. The word Tajin means “The Sacred city of the Dead and of the Thunder in Storm”. Er setzt sich gen Osten und beginnt, mit einer kleinen Trommel und einer Flöte zu spielen, während die vier Winde sich drehend das Seil um den Unterleib wickeln. The sculpture is similar in style to the carved stone yokes of Veracruz. At the top, there the temple was located, is a series of stepped merlons which look like medieval European battlements. Jahrhundert v. Chr. This fill is strained between the sloping walls which become the taluds of each level of the pyramid. Dann begeben sich die vier Winde auf die Spitze des Stamms. [5] The upper story is reached by narrow stairway. Remnants of this paint can be seen on part of the stairway and on the side facing east toward Building 23. The other structure on this platform is called the Annex or the Building of the Tunnels, as it is connected to the Building of the Columns by a passageway. By this time, he had uncovered most of the major buildings and established that Tajín was one of the most important cities of ancient Mexico. El Tajin experienced a prosperous period between 600-1200 A.D. at the expense of Teotihuacan and Palenque, until it was abandoned. There are also facilities for workshops, exhibitions, alternative therapies, seminars and ceremonies. [54], Portions of the panels and friezes are worn to the point that large areas are incomplete. Thirty percent of the revenue the event generates goes toward scholarships for Totonaca youth. The larger tablets have depictions of the rain god, or a ruler dressed as the deity, involved in several ritual or mythological scenes. Nachdem die vier Winde die Erde erreicht haben, begibt sich die Sonne am Stamm oder über eines der Seile auf die Erde nieder. Built and inhabited from 800AD to 1200 AD, El Tajin was a thriving city of major ceremonial importance, a fact illustrated by the numerous Mesoamerican pyramids and other ceremonial structures still seen there today. Average temperature for the year is 35 °C with hurricanes possible from June to October. Due to the lack of beams or other materials to prop it up, this roof had to be very thick to support itself. In addition, the Danza de los Voladores is enacted at the entrance to the site and is considered a requirement for visitors. [21] While the city had been completely covered by jungle from its demise until the 19th century, it is unlikely that knowledge of the place was completely lost to the native peoples. Most of the buildings are at the southern end, where the land is relatively flat and the two streams converge. Originally the structure was painted a dark red with the niches in black intended to deepen the shadows of the recessed niches. [7] The Totonacs established the nearby settlement of Papantla after the fall of El Tajín. The entire exterior of the building is covered in stepped frets, with these frets arranged to give the appearance as niches. The divider in the center is a buttress to hold the fill behind the stairs in place. Overlooking this scene is the death deity who rises from a vat of liquid, perhaps pulque. Voladores come from as far as San Luis Potosi and Guatemala. Many have feathered headdresses and reptilian attributes and a few are human like. [12] El Tajín reached its peak after the fall of Teotihuacan, and conserved many cultural traits inherited from that civilization. La mayor parte de este sitio todavía está sin excavar. El Tajin is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and jewel of Mexico's Gulf Coast. Media; El Tajin: UNESCO World Heritage Site. Under the fourth panel, an older panel was found. His appearance here underlies the significance of this pyramid. The niches on the original structure, not counting those on the later stairway, total 365, the solar year. The rain god is shown in a rite of auto sacrifice running a spike through part of his penis. [6] In total there have been 20 ballcourts discovered at this site, (the last 3 being discovered in March 2013). [57], After this point, the panels deal with the response of the gods. The southwest panel has a figure dressed as an eagle seated in a vat of liquid, probably pulque, and being fed by a female figure on the left and a male on the right. El Tajin hat den bedeutenste Tempelkomplex. The web's source of information for Ancient History: definitions, articles, timelines, maps, books, and illustrations. One is seated on a throne and the other by a pulque vat. The structure originally was covered in stucco which served as the base for paint. The Mystery of El Tajín What is being requested is pulque, indicated by a glyph indicating the mythical origin of the drink and a split image of the god of pulque above the scene. The city was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage in the 1990s as all the monuments at El Tajín, including their surrounding landscape, have survived virtually unaltered over the centuries, hidden from man by the tropical jungle. The false stairs were originally adorned with scroll motifs done in blue and yellow paint, but very little remains. [48], Just east of Tajin Chico is an area of valley floor. [11] He made a drawing of the pyramid and reported his find to a publication called Gaceta de Mexico. Between them are intertwined slashes, the symbol of the ballgame and a ball. Bei diesem Spiel mussten die Mannschaften (die Anzahl der Spieler ist nicht bekannt; es gibt allerdings Abbildungen, die insgesamt vier Personen zeigen) den Ball mit der Hüfte in einen hochgelegenen Ring befördern. Biosphärenreservat Mariposa Monarca (2008) | Um 1200 wurde die Stätte wieder verlassen. Die Voladores begaben sich eine Woche vor dem Ritual auf die Suche nach einem geeigneten Baum. The northeast panel indicates that the game has been played and one of the participants is about to be sacrificed by having his head cut off. [11] Another unusual feature is that this plaza has no smaller structures such as buildings or altars to break up the space. In being named a World Heritage Site in 1992, new facilities have been added to this area, such as a cafeteria, information services, a park and administrative offices. [55], The South Ballcourt, like the North Ball court, has only vertical walls which are sculpted. The main exhibits of the roofed area are the fragments recovered from the Building of the Columns, with a number partially reassembled. On the south central panel is depicting a scene after the sacrificed ball player has received the pulque with the same temple, glyphs and depiction of the pulque god. The seven stories of the pyramid are composed of gently sloping walling divided into panels of varying widths. With the discovery of oil in the area came roads that were built and improved from the 1920s to the 1940s. [1] The religion was based on the movements of the planets, the stars and the Sun and Moon,[14] with the Mesoamerican ballgame and pulque having extremely important parts. Archäologische Stätten von Paquimé in Casas Grandes (1998) | [9], It is also the site of the annual Cumbre Tajin Festival, which occurs each March featuring indigenous and foreign cultural events as well as concerts by popular musicians. The entrance to the site is located at the south end. … Altstadt von Oaxaca und Ruinen von Monte Albán (1987) | The top of the pyramid contains two platforms, both of which are decorated with stepped frets. Zur Zeit der Azteken war El Tajin bereits verlassen. It is also affected by a weather phenomenon called “nortes.” These are cold fronts with winds that come from the north and down the Tamaulipas and Veracruz coasts. The city-state was highly centralized,[1] with the city itself having more than fifty ethnicities living there. There are also fears that large numbers of visitors to the site for events such as concerts by names such as Alejandra Guzmán damage the site. and during this time numerous The cement could not be poured all at once but rather in successive layers. [39], The pyramid is flanked by two smaller structures named Building 2 and Building 4. Jahrhundert besuchten Guillermo Dupaix, Alexander von Humboldt (1811) und Carl Nebel El Tajín. [59] In 2008, 160,000 attended the event which featured Fito Páez, Ximena Sariñana and Los Tigres del Norte. Biosphärenreservat Sian Ka'an (1987) | He eventually cleared 77 acres (310,000 m2), uncovering more buildings and proposed that it be called “The Archeological City of El Tajín.” Starting from 1938, excavation and reconstruction work was sponsored by INAH and headed by Jose Garcia Payon,[15] uncovering platforms, ballcourts and part of Tajín Chico with its palaces. Culture; History; Science; Travel Tips; Worldschooling; Making a Difference; Work With Us. Jest to jedno z największych miast wybudowanych w trakcie ery klasycznej na terenie Ameryki Środkowej. Inseln und geschützte Gebiete im Golf von Kalifornien (2005) | There are several architectural features here which are unique to the place or seen in only rarely in Mesoamerica. The broad eastern stairway was also painted with cloud-like scroll motifs. August 2020 um 14:45 Uhr bearbeitet. Most of the remains of these columns are on display at the site museum. Otherwise entrance is 48 pesos (c US$4.5 in Mar 2008). In front is a sacrifice victim with his entrails slung over a frame. The principal participant is supine on a kind of a sofa. [42] The roof of Building C was more than 1,600 square feet (150 m2) in size and covered two rooms on the west side as well as main room which opened to the east through five piers. Panorama of El Tajin Archaeological Site - Veracruz - Mexico - 05 (15835649398).jpg 4,912 × 1,080; 2.78 MB. El Tajin is located near the coast of eastern Mexico and was an important Mesoamerican centre which flourished between 900 and 1100 CE. [27] The finished roofs were nearly a meter thick and almost perfectly flat. Wählen Sie aus erstklassigen Inhalten zum Thema El Tajín in höchster Qualität. [2], El Tajín, named after the Totonac rain god,[3] was named a World Heritage site in 1992, due to its cultural importance and its architecture. Am 30. Its cultural influence extended all along the Gulf and penetrated into the Maya region and the high plateaux of central Mexico. File history. He was also the first to speculate that the pyramid was part of a larger city. El Tajín is a pre-Columbian archeological site in southern Mexico and is one of the largest and most important cities of the Classic era of Mesoamerica. Home; Meet the Inions; Travel Adventures. He continued to explore the site for 39 years until his death in 1977 despite the challenges of working in the jungle and the lack of funds. Stepped frets are seen in other parts of Mesoamerica but rarely to this extent. The deteriorated north central panel shows two cross-legged figures facing each other. However, the lower level of the building is not rooms but a solid base. Built and inhabited from 800AD to 1200 AD, El Tajin was a thriving city of major ceremonial importance, a fact illustrated by the numerous Mesoamerican pyramids and other ceremonial structures still seen there today. There are relatively few temples here. After 1200 AD, the mighty Mexico-Tenochtitlan kingdom took control of the region, causing abandonment and destruction of the s… Erst dann wurde der Baum mit großer Vorsicht gefällt, damit ihm so wenig Schmerzen wie möglich zugefügt werden. Located in the state of Veracruz, El Tajin was at its height from the early 9th to the early 13th century. What is unusual about this construction and others in the city are the addition of decorative niches with the top capped by what Jose Garcia Payon called a "flying cornice", a triangular overhang. Archeologists reassembled it at the spot in which it was found. There are more than a hundred niches in this wall, broken up by a number of entrances. One of the panels at the Pyramid of the Niches shows a ceremony being held at a cacao tree. Jh. Vor dem Fällen tanzten sie ihm zu Ehren und baten um die Erlaubnis für das Fällen. This structure also had a cement roof, which was arched in the “porch” area between the columns and the inner rooms. El Tajin to prekolumbijska miejscowość ulokowana w południowym Meksyku. While located next to the Pyramid of the Niches, its visual appeal is not lost to its more famous neighbor. [15] To date, only about fifty percent of the city's buildings has been excavated, revealing a series of plazas, palaces, and administrative buildings within a two-square-mile area. Biosphärenreservat El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar (2013) | [44], Building A has two levels, stepped frets and niches and is reminiscent of structures found in the Yucatán. [12], One notable aspect of the construction at El Tajin is the use of poured cement in forms. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Präkolumbische Stadt Teotihuacán (1987) | It provides a fascinating look at Pre-Hispanic Mexico. [49], Building 3 or the Blue Temple has some features that set it apart from other pyramids at the site. [5] The only other known example of two story construction is in the Mayan territories. The northwest panel shows the beginning of the ballgame. Altstadt von Zacatecas (1993) | El Tajín (spanisch-totonakisch Der Blitz) ist eine präkolumbische Ruinenstadt nahe der Ostküste Mexikos bei der Stadt Papantla, südöstlich von Poza Rica de Hidalgo im Bundesstaat Veracruz. There are numerous buildings in this section but many are not accessible to visitors due to the lack of trails and many have yet to be explored. Some argue in favor of the Totonacs and the Xapaneca; however, there is a significant amount of evidence that the area was populated by the Huastec at the time the settlement was founded in the 1st century CE[16][18] Monumental construction started soon after and by 600 CE, El Tajín was a city. Agavenlandschaft und historische Tequila-Produktionsstätten (2006) | At their waists are the protective and ritual accoutrements which are very similar to the stone yokes, palmas and hachas common in elite burials. This space is broken by six stone and cement pillars which support the floor above. Tanzend bewegen sich die vier Männer auf den Stamm zu. Two musicians are playing a turtle shell drum and clay rattles. El Tajin: HISTORY AND CULTURE - See 648 traveler reviews, 816 candid photos, and great deals for Papantla, Mexico, at Tripadvisor. One tells the story of 13 Rabbit, a ruler of El Tajin who probably had the building constructed. Much of this section was created by using massive amounts of landfill. A part of the Classic Veracruz culture, El Tajín flourished from 600 to 1200 CE and during this time numerous temples, palaces, ballcourts, and pyramids were built. Man nimmt an, dass die Tolteken eine Zeit lang über El Tajín herrschten. 1785 wurde die Stätte von Diego Ruiz wiederentdeckt, nachdem die Spanier wahrscheinlich bereits im 16. Two have been partially explored. El Tajin Ruins are numerous, and while the World Heritage Site is interesting to wander alone, expert guides are available for travelers looking to learn even more about the history, culture and traditions of the Totonac from a resident expert. This seems to have been the most important god of the culture as other depictions are found in other places at the site. [17] The facade depicts a false stairway and balustrades of stepped frets capped by niches. [6][19] The rapid rise of Tajin was due to its strategic position along the old Mesoamerican trade routes. [19], From 600 to 1200 CE, El Tajín was a prosperous city that eventually controlled much of what is now modern Veracruz state. [6], Since becoming a World Heritage Site, research and conservation efforts have been made to promote knowledge of and protect the site. These frets were probably painted blue as they were on other buildings, where remains of paint have been found. 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