These glands secrete several hormones, including the glucocorticoids which, among other things, influence the way the immune system works, and the mineralocorticoids, which affect retention of water and sodium. Any of the sebaceous glands in the areola surrounding the nipple of the female breast. A simple tubular sweat gland of the skin. The lobes of the thyroid lie under the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles. See: An oil-secreting gland of the skin. Any gland affected by the action or secretion of another gland, e.g., the thyroid is a target gland of the pituitary. It can also cause bladder, urinary tract or kidney problems.There are several effective treatments for prostate gland enlargement, including medications, minimally invasive th… It is a tubuloalveolar gland located in the orbit, superior and lateral to the eyeball, and consists of a large superior portion (pars orbitalis) and a smaller inferior portion (pars palpebralis). See: Any of the small scattered mucous-secreting exocrine glands in the submucosa of the esophagus. The gland is composed of two lobes, one on each side of the trachea, and an isthmus of tissue connecting the lower two thirds of each lobe. b. Any of the glands in the esophageal mucosa. Another class of thyroid cells, the parafollicular or C cells, is found outside the follicles; C cells secrete calcitonin, a calcium-lowering hormone. Glands are divided into two main groups, endocrine and exocrine. The whole gland is surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule attached in back to the cricoid cartilage and the first few tracheal rings. Serous glands are most common in the gastrointestinal tract, notably in the salivary glands. 2. The three catecholamines are also produced in other parts of the body. Anterior lobe: Secretions here are the somatotropic, or growth hormone (STH or GH), which regulates cell division and protein synthesis for growth; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which regulates functional activity of the adrenal cortex; thyrotropic hormone (TTH or TSH), which regulates functional activity of the thyroid gland; and prolactin, also called lactogenic hormone, which induces secretion of milk in the adult female. The salivary glands can become inflamed, as in Sjogren's syndrome and mumps. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — also called prostate gland enlargement — is a common condition as men get older. Medical Definition of Thyroid gland Medical Author: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR Thyroid gland: A gland that makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure , body temperature, and the rate at which food is converted into energy. The cortex synthesizes three groups of steroid hormones from cholesterol. The largest of the salivary glands, located below the ear and inside the ramus of the mandible. Hyposecretion of anterior lobe causes dwarfism, pituitary cachexia (Simmonds disease), Sheehan syndrome, acromicria, eunuchoidism, or hypogonadism. The isthmus is usually located at the level of the second to third tracheal rings. Pineal gland definition, a small, cone-shaped endocrine organ in the posterior forebrain, secreting melatonin and involved in biorhythms and gonadal development. Gland: A group of cells that secrete a substance for use in the body. Anterior and posterior lobe deficiency and hypothalamic lesion cause Fröhlich syndrome (adiposogenital dystrophy) and pituitary obesity. A collection of cells whose function is to release certain chemicals, or hormones, which are important to the functioning of other, sometimes distantly located, organs or body systems. There are numerous minor salivary glands in the oral cavity, named according to their locations: lingual, sublingual, palatal, buccal, labial, and glossopharyngeal. gland 1 (glănd) n. 1. a. There are two main groups of glands: (1) The. They include the minor vestibular glands and the major vestibular glands (Bartholin glands). Medical Definition of Bartholin's gland. In large amounts, ADH also causes vasoconstriction, and is also called vasopressin. A gland, such as a sebaceous gland of the skin, in which the secretory cells release intracellular macromolecules by disintegration of their cell membranes; these cells then die. Its main duct opens into or near the submandibular duct, but several smaller ducts may open to the oral cavity independently along the sublingual fold. Its secreting tubules and acini are long and branched, and it is enclosed in a sheath, the parotid fascia. — called also gland of Bartholin, greater vestibular gland. Adrenal itself comes from the Latin term “ ad renes “, which means to be near the kidneys. A gastric gland in the cardiac region of the stomach. For example, the thyroid gland. The adrenal glands produce hormones that help control heart rate, blood pressure, the way the body uses food, the levels of minerals such as sodium and potassium in the blood, and other functions particularly involved in … The nerve supply of the salivary glands is from the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves, which increase secretion, and from the sympathetic nerves, which decrease secretion. The glands are simple or branched alveolar glands, most of which open into hair follicles. The cortex consists of cells arranged into three zones: the outer zona glomerulosa, the middle zona fasciculata, and the inner zona reticularis. A lone secretory epithelial cell, often found in the midst of nonsecretory cells. The glans penis, commonly referred to as the glans, is a structure at the distal end of the penis in male mammals. Synonym: Any of the glands, e.g., the mammary glands, whose cells lose some of their cytoplasmic contents in the formation of secretion. Recall the medical terms for the hardening and softening of glands Identify the terms for a diseased gland and the procedure used to remove it To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Muscular weakness, reduced muscular tone, and general neuromuscular hypoexcitability occur. Any of the mixed exocrine glands that form the epithelial pockets (pits) in the lining of the stomach; the glands are named for their location, e.g., cardiac glands, fundic glands, pyloric glands. gland. Gland definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. French glande, from Old French, glandular swelling on the neck, gland, ultimately from Latin gland-, glans acorn; akin to Greek balanos acorn. The gonadotropic hormones are as follows: in women, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates development of ovarian follicles and their secretion of estrogen; in men, it stimulates spermatogenesis in the testes. Any of the tiny glands located below the margin of the vocal cords. A mixed tubuloalveolar salivary gland about the size of a walnut that lies below the posterior floor of the mouth, medial to the body of the mandible. A common example is the goblet (chalice, calceiform) cell, a unicellular mucous-secreting gland found in the columnar epithelium of the intestinal tract. One of two broad categories of glands; exocrine glands are the complementary category. Q. my friend ate a bar of chocolate and now her left neck gland is swollen any ideas why? those in response to extreme stress, tend to increase the secretion of both norepinephrine and epinephrine; epinephrine is important in mobilizing the physiological changes that occur in the “fight or flight” response to emergency situations. Privacy & Trust Info Salivary gland: A gland in the mouth that produces saliva. Synonym: Any of the lymph nodes located in front of the portal vein. Any of the hundreds of 1 to 2 mm diameter mucous-secreting salivary glands distributed throughout the oral submucosa. — compare cowper's gland. In addition, chromaffin and other neuroendocrine cells are found individually and in small clusters throughout the body. Endocrine gland definition, any of various glands, as the thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands, that secrete certain substances or hormones directly into the blood or lymph; ductless gland. An excess of parathormone results in hyperparathyroidism; a deficiency, in hypoparathyroidism, with neuromuscular hyperexcitability manifested by carpopedal spasm, wheezing, muscle cramps, urinary frequency, mood changes, and lassitude. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? Any of the lingual salivary glands in the circumvallate papillae. From Copstead, 1995. It is a mixed seromucous gland. I have Fibromyalgia and I read that if your diagnosed with this you can have Thyroid problems also. Secretion may also be due to conditioned reflexes as when one thinks about food or hears a dinner bell. There are over 400 per square centimeter on the palms and about 80 per square centimeter on the thighs. Any of two kinds of glands that secrete into the follicles of eyelashes: ciliary sweat glands and ciliary sebaceous glands. Both the neural and the hormonal signals to the endocrine system are ultimately regulated by the hypothalamus of the brain, which is the integration center for the body's visceral homeostasis. Any of the glands in the olfactory mucous membranes. Any of the mixed glands lying in the submucosa of the bronchi and bronchial tubes. Hyperparathyroidism or hypersecretion results in a rise in blood calcium and fall in blood phosphorus. Each of the 15 to 20 main ducts, known as lactiferous ducts, discharges through a separate orifice on the surface of the nipple. It secretes a thin, opalescent, slightly alkaline fluid that forms part of the semen. The characteristic odor of perspiration is produced by the action of bacteria on the material secreted by the apocrine sweat glands. Calcium is removed from bones, resulting in increased fragility. Endocrine glands, e.g., the thyroid gland, are ductless glands that secrete macromolecules, called hormones, directly into the bloodstream, and such glands are richly supplied by blood capillaries. Pineal gland and melatonin. The salivary glands can become inflamed, as in Sjogren's syndrome and mumps. Endocrine health disorders usually result from the production of either too much or too little of a hormone. They are holocrine glands whose secretion arises from the disintegration of cells filling the alveoli. A large endocrine gland located in the center of the base of the neck. Synonym: PITUITARY GLAND: Hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, along with target organs. A multicellular gland containing branching ducts. Any of the mixed serous and mucus glands in the submucosa of the laryngeal section of the respiratory tract. Any of the glands in the region of the anus. Glands: The relationship of the hair follicle, eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands. Thyroid follicles consist of a ring of follicular cells surrounding a space filled with a clear colloid (a mixture of thyroglobulin proteins and iodine), from which the thyroid hormones (thyroxine and related molecules) are synthesized. In men, LH also called interstitial cell-stimulation hormone (ICSH), stimulates testosterone secretion. The Rathke pouch portion forms the anterior lobe and an intermediate area; the neural tissue of the infundibular stalk forms the posterior lobe. Read medical definition of Pituitary gland. A compound alveolar gland that secretes milk. Any of the six large salivary glands; the two parotids, the two sublinguals, and the two submandibulars. Glands are divided into two main groups, endocrine and exocrine. Any of the acinar glands of the tracheal mucosa. A small, gray, rounded gland that develops from ingrown oral epithelium (Rathke pouch) and is attached to the lower surface of the hypothalamus by the infundibular stalk. Any of the tubular glands in the endometrium. QUESTION What causes tooth decay? In warm-blooded animals, no effects are known. Hypersecretion of aldosterone results in a surgically correctable form of hypertension (aldosteronism). All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Learn a new word every day. Medical Definition of gland. Look it up now! These small glands are named by their locations, e.g., buccal salivary glands, lingual glands, although some glands are also known by the name of their original describers, and von Ebner glands, which are lingual salivary glands found in the circumvallate papillae of the tongue. Small sebaceous glands surrounding the follicles of eyelashes. The prostate consists of a median lobe and two lateral lobes measuring about 2 × 4 × 3 cm and weighing about 20 g; it is enclosed in a fibrous capsule containing smooth muscle fiber in its inner layer. Anticipatory states tend to bring about the release of norepinephrine. Any of the glands in the external auditory canal that secrete cerumen. Their secretions are thought to be antibacterial. an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs. “Gland.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gland. Saliva lubricates food and makes it easier to taste, chew, and swallow. Adrenocortical insufficiency may be acute or chronic; acute insufficiency of adrenal hormones produces circulatory shock, while chronic insufficiency results in Addison disease. Synonym: Any of the glands secreting a fluid containing albumin. the sebaceous and sudoriferous glands. One of two broad categories of glands; endocrine glands are the complementary category. The medulla arises from ectoderm, which also gives rise to the sympathetic nervous system. Glands are divided into two main … The pituitary consists of the anterior and posterior pituitary.. Most exocrine glands are multicellular: goblet cells are examples of unicellular exocrine glands. The thyroid is filled with capillary networks (supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries) that surround the many spherical units (follicles) packed inside the gland. Hormones are secreted in the following lobes: Intermediate lobe: In cold-blooded animals, intermedin is secreted, influencing the activity of pigment cells (chromatophores) of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. The cells are arranged in cords. The smallest of the major salivary glands, located in the tissue in the floor of the mouth between the tongue and mandible on each side. Any of the glands of the tongue, including the anterior lingual glands, Ebner glands, and mucous glands at the root of the tongue. 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'. Anyone know if there is a connection between Fibromyalgia and your Thyroid gland? Small secretory and apocrine glands adjacent to follicles of eyelashes. Most sweat glands are merocrine; those of the axilla, areola, mammary gland, labia majora, and circumanal region are apocrine. Hypersecretion of anterior lobe causes gigantism, acromegaly, and pituitary basophilism (Cushing disease). SLIDESHOW Heart Disease: Causes of a Heart Attack See Slideshow. The pituitary consists of the anterior and posterior pituitary. Meibomian gland dysfunction: what are we looking at? pituitary gland an endocrine gland located at the base of the brain in a small recess of the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica.It is attached by the hypophyseal stalk to the hypothalamus and is divided into an anterior lobe (the adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (the neurohypophysis), which differ in embryological function and origin.Called also hypophysis. See also exocrine gland, endocrine gland 2. The gland in the male that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. The two adrenal glands are retroperitoneal, each embedded in perirenal fat above its respective kidney. Each adrenal gland is a two-part organ composed of an outer cortex and an inner medulla. Treatment with syntheti… In women, these glands are made up of lobes and lobules bound together by areolar tissue. See: Addison disease; aldosteronism; Cushing syndrome; pheochromocytoma, The hormones produced by endocrine cells regulate the body's salt, water, mineral, and glucose levels; they adjust the body's metabolic balances, growth rates, and reproductive cycles; and they maintain the body's stress responses. This adrenal gland is often also referred to by another name, the suprarenal gland. At this point the behavior of the stem cells changed, and new cells only emerged when mature sebaceous, Anatomy and histology of rodent and human major salivary glands-Overview of the Japan Salivary, Kapadnis, "Histomorphologic study on sweat, Wozniak et al., "The activity of selected glycosidases in salivary, Breastfeeding is performed via the mammary, The most common site of occurrence for both benign and malignant tumors was the parotid, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, Bartholin gland Bartholin, Caspar (the younger), the webmaster's page for free fun content, Stem Cell Research Sheds Light On How Skin's Sebaceous Glands Develop, Immunohistochemical Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha between Rat Submandibular and Sublingual Salivary Glands during Post-Natal Development, ROLE OF FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY IN DIAGNOSIS OF SALIVARY GLAND LESIONS, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN RODENT SALIVARY GLAND DEVELOPMENT, Dissection of silk glands in the Western black widow Latrodectus Hesperus, Histomorphometrical Study on Regional Variation in Distribution of Sweat Glands in Buffalo Skin, Lysosomal Exoglycosidase Profile and Secretory Function in the Salivary Glands of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes, The pineal gland and higher consciousness, Mammary gland morphology in the northern Amazon red squirrel (Sciurus igniventris)/Morfologia da glandula mamaria em esquilo do Norte Amazonico (Sciurus igniventris), Bilateral hyperplasia of Bartholin's gland: A case report. 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