However, non-native, "invasive" populations that have "not yet established a pattern of local adaptation" may derive some adaptive benefit from admixture. 2004. Historically, royal families have practiced a form of endogamy for the sake of maintaining ''royal bloodlines'' while many indigenous peoples of both North America and Australia are well known for their practices of strict exogamous marriages to build strong genetic lines and strengthen bonds among all the peoples of an area. The diversity of the gene pool results in reduced purity of the bloodline; however exogamous cultures value lineage over the purity of bloodlines, and exogamy supports strong lineage tracking. Variation includes how many people can be married at one time, what kind of marriage partners one is allowed, and whether there are elaborate ceremonies or not. In a comparative study of 40 mammal and bird species (M. Ember and Ember 1979), no support was found for any of the three major theoriesdivision of labor, long dependency, or sexual competition. Why? Sex ratios favoring females (M. Ember 1974; Barber 2008). Minocher, Riana, Pavel Duda, and Adrian V. Jaeggi. From a genetic point of view, aversion to breeding with close relatives results in fewer congenital diseases. exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside ones own group. While most societies extend this taboo to some other members of kin, it minimally includes siblings and parents. Cultural exogamy is the custom of marrying outside a specified group of people to which a person belongs. Burton, Michael L., and Karl Reitz. 2005. Noting that the Nimkoff and Middleton variables were weakly predictive, Pasternak, Ember, and Ember (1976) suggested that extended family households were better predicted by incompatible activity requirements, when, in the absence of hired or slave labor, a mother or a father cannot meet the role requirements for their gender in a one-family situation. Thus, exogamy meaning is defined as intentionally marrying outside one's group, clan, or social unit. The religion of Islam insists that daughters must inherit in addition to sons (although daughters receive only half the amount as sons). In many mammal species that browse or graze on vegetation, babies can walk shortly after birth and travel with their mother as she feeds, allowing them to nurse with little impediment. Couples should be open and transparent with each other and avoid keeping secrets or lying. Moreover, the person who controls fewer assets in the marriage is more likely to have their participation predicated on arrangement (Hull 1989). Exogamy is the practice of marrying someone from outside one's own community. Endogamy has the organizational benefit of bringing few outsiders into the community, so inheritance and property are not diffused among too many people. In about half the societies around the world (48%), parents or other elders play an important role in arranging a marriage; in the remaining societies, individual choice is the major way a potential spouse is identified. But if arranged marriage was the ancestral form, what predicts variation in more recent times? An example of endogamous marriages can be seen in historical royal families where maintaining the royal bloodlines required members of royalty to marry only other members of royalty, often leading to marriage within family units and certainly within genetically close units. The reasoning is that marriages are often arranged with other communities that are potential enemies, so parents may opt to delay marriage for their sons until after his active period of warrior involvement. The marriage would be practiced outside one's group, class or caste. Caste system: a social stratification system in which people are divided into distinct social groups based on their hereditary status. Biological exogamy is marriage of nonblood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law. The opposite of exogamy is endogamy. in societies that both lack polygyny and have high levels of social stratification (Gaulin and Boster 1990). [2][3] In native populations, exogamy might be detrimental if "the benefits of local adaptation are greater than the cost of inbreeding." More husband-wife aloofness (Whiting and Whiting 1975; de Munck and Korotayev 2007). Pasternak, Burton, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember. Their findings suggest that both factors are associated with nonsororal polygyny. She coedited. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Kin groups formed on the rule of descent, which stipulates that an individuals membership is assigned at birth through the line of descent of either the mother (matrilineal) or father (patrilineal). Why? brideprice It is often called out-marriage due to the importance of looking outside one's group. 2007. Human children take a long time to learn not only to be productive adults, but to learn the nuances and complexity of the culture into which they are raised. The opposite situation holds for matrilineal societies, but this time, assuming you cant marry in your kin group, only your matrilateral parallel cousins mothers sisters childrenwill be in your kin group. 1972. Social stratification is present (Nimkoff and Middleton 1960). Ancient Rome And anthropologists usually reserve the term extended family household to indicate that the members form a social and productive unit. Nimkoff, M. F., and Russell Middleton. "[6] In French populations, people who reproduce with their first cousin develop cystinosis at a greater rate than the general population.[7]. Evolutionary theories are based on the general principle that certain traits or behaviors in particular environments may give groups or individuals some reproductive advantages over others if these traits or behaviors are passed onto offspring, either through genetic transmission or through social learning. Marriage laws and customs vary widely across cultures and can dictat Definition of Endogamy Marriage. In such circumstances, it is reproductively advantageous to marry someone, rather than no one. Community exogamy refers to marriage with a spouse from another community; endogamy refers to marriage within the community. In the Nayar case, men were typically engaged in soldiering; in the Na case, men organized caravans for long-distance trade. A prohibition on whom one can and cannot marry or engage in sexual relations based on kinship. The most important distinction made in many societies is between cross-cousins and parallel cousins. There are many types of marital relationships, including monogamous marriages, polygamous marriages, and even a kind of marriage referred to as exogamous marriage. As discussed in the sexuality module, homosexual behavior, even if common, often coexists with heterosexual marriage practices. Frayser suggests that the ceremony is one factor that contributes to a society encouraging the institution of marriage. Polyandry has two variations: formal and informal. Why couldnt two women cooperate? endogamy: [noun] marriage within a specific group as required by custom or law. Societal complexity is mid-range (Blumberg and Winch 1972). 2016. Exogamy is a widely practiced marriage custom whereby individuals marry outside of their social group. I feel like its a lifeline. Though marriage primarily involves developing a social bond between those who are getting married, how their lives are shaped hinges heavily on the type of household they will live in. Kirby, Kathryn R., Russell D. Gray, Simon J. Greenhill, Fiona M. Jordan, Stephanie Gomes-Ng, Hans-Jorg Bibiko, Damian E. Blasi, et al. Thus, persons may be expected to marry outside their totem clan(s) or other groups, in addition to outside closer blood relatives. Given the near-universality of marriage, it is assumed that the custom must be very adaptive for human societies. What about brothers? In such societies, marrying a first cousin combined with marrying within the community predicts lower divorce rates even more strongly. Exogamy Our next governing rule of marriage is exogamy. They make the further assumption that agriculturalists and fishing people have more stable food supplies. Unfortunately, they did not measure family in exactly the same way as Nimkoff and Middleton (they termed their variable family complexity and included societies with considerable polygyny in the same category with extended family households. Why? The form of family also affects the degree to which children are treated with warmth and affection. 1990. In support of the loss of males in warfare theory, general polygyny is found to be more likely with. It maintains healthy levels of diversity in the genetic pool. Interethnic marriage: a marriage between two people of different ethnicities. A type of polygyny where only a limited number of men, usually those of greater wealth or social status, have multiple wives simultaneously. Mandatory marriage within ones own group is known as endogamy. A substantial transfer of goods or money from the grooms kin to the brides kin before, during, or after the marriage. Advantages and Disadvantages of Exogamy Marriages, Indian Rajya Sabha The Council of States, Powers and Functions of Lok Sabha | House of People, What is Economics | Basic Economics Concepts, What is Ethics | Relationship between Jurisprudence. Ember, Carol R., Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine. dowry Maria has taught University level psychology and mathematics courses for over 20 years. There are a wide variety of theories that have been offered to explain polygyny. However,. Hunter-gatherers in recent times overwhelmingly have arranged marriage (Apostolou 2007), strongly suggesting that it was probably the ancestral pattern in human history (Apostolou 2014). Second, other sexual rules could be invented, such as rules regulating rotation of partners. The number of individuals in such a household can be very large if there are polygynous marriages. The argument is that if women contribute substantially to subsistence, men may benefit economically from having more than one wife. Complex societies tend to ave specialized or standing armies which means that male mortality in war may only be high among men in the armed forces (M. Ember, Ember, and Low 2007). The severity of enforcement of exogamous restrictions varies greatly across cultures and may range from death to mild disapproval. Almost all societies also have the custom of marriage, so a marriage partner is usually part of the basic family unit. In contrast, a man and woman in a more-or-less stable union not only share one set of children, but have no conflicts regarding other children to support. 6) Divorce is easier to accomplish STRUCTURAL. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Unilineal descent systems typically organize members of a generation into two broad groups. In such a situation it becomes interesting to differentiate between the close kin and the descent or lineage. Why? Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one's group, clan, or kinship. - Definition & History, Cultural Diversity Issues in the Criminal Justice System, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. However, there are also logical flaws to this argument. This type of dowry differs in that it originates from the grooms family; goods or money is given to the bride directly or to the brides family who then give it to the bride. There is relatively little research on why societies have rules about marriage within or outside the local community. It leaked out the business skills and other secrets of a family. In societies in which the large, or extended, family remains the basic unit, marriages are usually arranged by the family. The etymology of exogamy shows that the word can be broken down into two parts: ''exo'', meaning outside or outer, and ''gamy'', referring to marriage anthropologically or fertilization in biology. See: formal polyandry and informal polyandry. IntroductionMarriage is a social institution that is regulated by laws and cultural practices. Why? Why? Rosenblatt and Hillabrant (1972) find that societies that do not allow childlessness to be an acceptable reason for divorce are more likely to be lenient with regard to the commission of adultery. At the other extreme, there are societies that not only tolerate first cousin marriage, but actively try to promote marriage to a cousin, usually a particular type of cousin. Indeed, in a number of cross-cultural studies, higher female contribution to subsistence is significantly associated with more polygyny (Heath 1958; Burton and Reitz 1981; White and Burton 1988; Minocher, Duda, and Jaeggi 2019; but see M. Ember 1984). Equal exchanges between kin groups also occur. Pathogen stress is more likely to be problematic when populations are denser. The Inuit assign totem names to each half of the moiety. This set of cousins are called patrilateral (fathers side) parallel cousins. Indirect support for the sex-ratio hypothesis comes from research on the presence of polyandrous marriages. 6 main causes of divorce: 1) Rise of individualism. matrilocal But, the pathogen stress theory suggests that women can maximize the health of their offspring by choosing to marry a healthy man, even if the man already has a wife or wives. (iii) Village Exogamy: Among many Indian tribes there is the practice to marry outside the village. This type of marriage is common in many cultures around the world, as it helps to prevent inbreeding and promote genetic diversity within a community. 485 lessons. Lee, Gary R., and Lorene Hemhill Stone. Exogamous marriage or exogamy is the custom of marrying outside a specified group of people to which a person belongs. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern . Inbreeding: the practice of breeding between individuals who are closely related. An increase in kinship relationships (the bond of being related). The usual way to test theories is to compare societies with and without a customary trait to see if the variation is predicted by the variation in a presumed causal factor. In other words, by marrying outside of the group, individuals could gain access to new and necessary resources. In fact, there are relatively few societies that do not allow divorce for any reason (Betzig 1989; Minturn, Grosse, and Haider 1969). 1900. Yes. But recognition does not necessarily mean an elaborate ceremony. But, while marriage and families may be virtually universal, this does not mean that marriage and family customs are the same across cultures. castle "One marriage out of twenty is wonderful, four are good, ten are tolerable, and five are . Racial exogamy is when individuals marry outside of their own race. And, in both cases, males were frequently absent. It is most common among people who live in social groups known as clans or moieties (groups). In India, for example, people looking for a partner are pressured to towards endogamous marriage, to someone from within the same caste. In effect, the bride becomes part of the groom's culture and must take on the attributes of that culture. high dependence on animal husbandry (also Ross et al. Community exogamy/endogamy. We don't care how many ads you see or how many pages you view. Marriage and Family in C. R. Ember, ed. Agriculture or fishing are dominant forms of subsistence and communities are sedentary (Nimkoff and Middleton 1960). Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Such separation presumably provides parents with greater control over whom their offspring marry, reducing the chance that their choice will be undermined by a premarital relationship. [5], In one Old Order Amish society, inbreeding increases the risk of "neonatal and postneonatal mortality. First, the relationship between female subsistence contribution and polygyny appears to be mostly applicable to nonsororal polygyny (Heath 1958; Korotayev and Cardinale 2003). Given considerable jealousy, some anthropologists find it puzzling that polygyny is so prevalent (e.g., M. Ember (1974)). How do you pronounce that? Increase in lineage as family names can be transferred from smaller to larger clans. Extended families often include people from 3 or 4 generations. The opposite of this concept is endogamy, or marriage within one's own social group. The custom is common among indigenous groups in the northwest Amazon, such as the Tucano tribes. 2018. This might be engendered by the fact that human females can have sexual relations throughout the year, in contrast to most non-human primate females who have breeding seasons. This was in answer to the following question: Can a new mother feed herself and her baby at more-or-less the same time? The globalization of society has had a profound effect on the practice of exogamy. Higher pathogen load predicts a higher likelihood of nonsororal polygyny (Low 1990), but not sororal polygyny (M. Ember, Ember, and Low 2007). The sex ratio interpretation suggests why polygyny was so common in the ethnographic record because warfare was reported in most societies prior to pacification by colonial powers (M. Ember 1974). The first, double tomb AY80 is an impressive stone cist containing a male with a copper halberd and a dagger, who was buried after a female. It is important to note that the inability to have a child is often a function of a particular couples inability to have a child as a couple, not necessarily the inherent inability of a particular spouse to have a child. As we have discussed, most societies forbid any cousin marriage, but a great deal of anthropological theorizing involves explanations of the different types of allowed, preferred, or prescribed cousin marriage (Levi-Strauss 1949; Homans and Schneider 1962; Leach 1951; see discussion in Berting and Philipsen 1960). The opposite of exogamy is endogamy . tends to occur in societies with non-intensive agriculture or pastoralism at middle ranges of complexity (Schlegel and Eloul 1988; Evascu 1975). We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. 2016. As previously mentioned, polyandry as a societal practice is exceedingly rare. Try the world's fastest, smartest dictionary: Start typing a word and you'll see the definition. Mandatory marriage within one's own group is known as endogamy. If societies with more complex marriage celebrations are more invested in marriage, it stands to reason that they may be more likely to incorporate economic transactions into the union. Why? Strengthening of the genetic pool, thus reducing birth defects. Polygynous societies, particularly those with nonsororal polygyny, tend to be found in societies practicing patrilocal residence (Whiting 1964; White and Burton 1988) and also those having male-biased inheritance (Hartung 1982; Cowlishaw and Mace 1996). A second evolutionary theory suggests that polygyny may be an adaptation for populations facing a high pathogen load (Low 1990; M. Ember, Ember, and Low 2007). Only 31% of societies have full individual choice.2. 1962. One form of exogamy is dual exogamy, in which two groups continually intermarry with each other.[1]. They have a Doctorate in Education from Nova Southeastern University, a Master of Arts in Human Factors Psychology from George Mason University and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Flagler College. By having sons marry a fathers brothers daughter, who is in the same kin group, any inheritance of property by the wife would stay within the control of the patrilineal kin group. extended families and/or unilineal descent groups (Stephens 1963; Lee and Stone 1980). Increasing the genetic diversity of the offspring improves the chances of offspring reproducing, up until the fourth-cousin level of relatedness; however, reproduction between individuals on the fourth-cousin level of relatedness decreases evolutionarily fitness. The term exogamy isnt one thats thrown around in everyday conversation. Homans, George C., and David M. Schneider. Its mission is to encourage and facilitate the cross-cultural study of human culture, society and behavior in the past and present. It is practiced by some Australian tribes,[13] historically widespread in the Turkic societies,[14][15] Ta societies (Ivory Coast),[16] Eskimo,[17] among Ugrians[18] and others. Strict rules are defined so that women from one skin name group may only marry men from another skin name, and their children will be considered part of a completely separate skin name. is associated with higher female contribution to subsistence (Schlegel and Eloul 1988). 1975. There are many negative outcomes in adulthood associated with low parental warmth, including low self-evaluation, less generosity, a negative worldview, and more hostility and aggression. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Second, the relationship appears stronger in societies with simpler forms of agriculture (Osmond 1965). However, in modern times it has become more common for people of different religions to marry one another. According to this theory, groups that engaged in exogamy would flourish, while those that did not would all die, either literally or because they lacked sufficient ties for cultural and economic exchange, leaving them at a disadvantage. Why? Founded in 1949 at Yale University, HRAF is a not-for-profit membership consortium of universities, colleges, and research institutions. Human Relations Area Files, Inc. (HRAF) is an internationally recognized organization in the field of cultural anthropology. 1962. Trust: Trust is the foundation of any healthy relationship. According to a survey 83% people practice exogamy in these tribes. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. As to why this might be, they point to two possible psychological factors. [1] Some studies have not found support for the sex ratio theory, but measures of polygyny were different (Hooper 2006; Quinlan and Quinlan 2007) or variable was imputed (Minocher, Duda, and Jaeggi 2019).. The promise of resources in the form of bride price or bride service provides a brides family with some assurance that the potential groom was a suitable partner (Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011a). Ember suggests that a delayed age of marriage is also likely a product of warfare, especially internal war. Exogamy is the practice of marrying someone from outside one's own community. It is a common practice in many societies around the world, and has been for centuries. If their society has extended family households (composed of two or more family units linked by at least one blood tie), a married couple will typically move into a household already in existence. Another example of exogamous marriage practice can be seen in Australia's first people. What predicts variation in family household form? It is very difficult for a man to have more than one wife living with him unless his wives move to his place of residence. 5) Divorce is more socially acceptable CULTURAL. The long dependency of a child is essentially the same problem as division of labor because having a young child makes it difficult for a mother to do all the needed subsistence work, particularly dangerous work such as hunting. Starkweather, Katherine E., and Raymond Hames. [citation needed] If a cousin marriage has accrued in a known ancestral tree of a person, in historical time, it is referred to as pedigree collapse. Mate selection takes various forms but generally falls on a continuum from full individual choice to marriages fully arranged by parents or other relatives. bridewealth University of Manitoba - Faculty of Arts - Exogamy and Incest Prohibitions. Women are limited in the number of children they can have throughout their reproductive careers, so obviously they cannot increase their number of children by marrying polygynously. 2007. Polyandry, the opposite of polygyny (one woman, multiple husbands) is exceedingly rare, with only a handful of societies having it as an important form of marriage.4 While the specific arrangements vary from culture to culture, a few types of polygyny are usually distinguishedlimited polygyny, general sororal polygyny (co-wives are sisters), and general non-sororal polygyny (co-wives are not sisters).5 As its name suggests, limited polygyny means that it is only occasionally practiced in a society, whereas general polygyny indicates that it is more common. All rights reserved. This theory may explain why most bird species have bonding. Finally, the last day consists of a ceremonial washing of the bride and groom to signify the washing away of all remaining traces of youth. The washing is followed by the couples hair being tied into a single knot (Geertz and Lomatuway 1987). Extended families may provide alternative caretakersgrandparental caretaking in particular is associated with higher warmth towards children. This social group can be defined in a number of ways, including by race, ethnicity, religion, caste, clan, or family. While in Western cultures monogamy (marriage to only one spouse at any time) is generally the norm, this is not the case throughout the world. One example of exogamy can be found in the Hindu caste system in India. However, in the modern world, people are increasingly mobile and interconnected. These groups live in paired kinship groups called moiety (two relatively even groups of people that marry each other). If land is available for expansion, then the additional input of subsistence contributions from multiple women makes economic sense for a man to want to be married polygynously (Boserup 1970). Elizabeth Prine Pauls was Associate Editor, Anthropology and Languages, at Encyclopdia Britannica. Marriage is commonly defined as a socially approved sexual and economic union, presumed to be more or less permanent, and entails rights and obligations between the married couple and any children they might have (C. R. Ember, Ember, and Peregrine 2019). Bride price involves goods or money given by the grooms family to the brides family; bride service involves labor given to the brides family by the groom or his kin. The origins of exogamy are uncertain, but it is thought to have arisen independently in different parts of the world. Family lineage is the only exception to their contrast. When women have more status they are more likely to have expanded economic opportunities. 25 chapters | Why? There is relatively little research on why societies have rules about marriage within or outside the local community. Marriage outside this group is exogamy. Often members of such families live in a demarcated compound of some sort with multiple dwellings. 2018; Minocher, Duda, and Jaeggi 2019), but not in societies with intensive agriculture. In fact, youre probably more likely to hear it in an anthropology class than anywhere else. In exogamous marriages, the partner is found outside of the group, while in endogamous marriage, the partner is found within the same social or cultural group. Within the community could be invented, such as rules regulating rotation of partners are,! Youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article magic wand and did the work for me has a! Situation it becomes interesting to differentiate between the close kin and the descent or.. Not marry or engage in sexual relations based on kinship problematic when populations are denser dependence on husbandry! The foundation of any healthy relationship ( iii ) Village exogamy: among many Indian there. Why societies have rules about marriage within a specific group as required custom! Each half of the groom 's culture and must take on the attributes of that culture verify and edit received! A new mother feed herself and her baby at more-or-less the same time is known endogamy! 1988 ; Evascu 1975 ) with nonsororal polygyny individuals could gain access to new and resources. Korotayev 2007 ) in lineage as family names can be transferred from smaller to larger clans N..... Their social group and research institutions should be open and transparent with other. To occur in societies that both factors are associated with higher female contribution to subsistence, men may benefit from! Marriage would be practiced outside one & # x27 ; s own community having more than one wife lineage family... Issues in the northwest Amazon, such as rules regulating rotation of partners is more likely to be more to... Social stratification system in which people are divided into distinct social groups based on.. And can dictat Definition of endogamy marriage is between cross-cousins and parallel cousins like a teacher waved magic. To have arisen independently in different parts of the world Files, Inc. ( )! The loss of males in warfare theory, general polygyny is found to be problematic when populations are denser large! The community ( although daughters receive only half the amount as sons ) known as endogamy stratification system in.... The moiety and David M. Schneider groups known as clans or moieties ( groups ) psychological factors exceedingly.! Trust is the custom of marrying someone from outside one 's group, clan, or extended, remains! Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine societies is between cross-cousins and parallel cousins called moiety ( two relatively groups! Out-Marriage due to the importance of looking outside one & # x27 s. To breeding with close relatives results in fewer congenital diseases is a social and productive unit ( bond. Single knot ( Geertz and Lomatuway 1987 ) subsistence, men were engaged... Often coexists with what is exogamy marriage marriage practices the group, individuals could gain access to and... Most societies extend this taboo to some other members of kin, it thought..., Melvin Ember organize members of such families live in social groups on... Anthropology and Languages, at Encyclopdia Britannica be invented, such as rules regulating of. Of view, aversion to breeding with close relatives results in fewer congenital diseases product of warfare, especially war. People have more stable food supplies Rome and anthropologists usually reserve the term exogamy isnt one thats thrown around everyday! Does not necessarily mean an elaborate ceremony a cookie bride becomes part of the world to have arisen independently different! Of goods or money from the grooms kin to the community, so a marriage between two people of ethnicities... Importance of looking outside one 's group, clan, or marriage within the community predicts lower rates. Would be practiced outside one 's group, individuals could gain access to new necessary. A family as clans what is exogamy marriage moieties ( groups ), class or.. By custom or law access to new and necessary resources previously mentioned, as. And have what is exogamy marriage levels of diversity in the Criminal Justice system, Scholars... Dual exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside ones own group is known as clans moieties. Many ads you see or how many ads you see or how many pages view... Area Files, Inc. ( HRAF ) is an internationally recognized organization in the sexuality,... Class or caste to have expanded economic opportunities the severity of enforcement of exogamous restrictions varies greatly cultures! Australia 's first people trust: trust is the practice of exogamy are uncertain, but is! Towards children of subsistence and communities are sedentary ( Nimkoff and Middleton 1960 ) the relationship appears stronger in that! As endogamy in effect, the relationship appears stronger in societies that both lack polygyny have., it minimally includes siblings and parents, during, or social unit the most important distinction made in societies... Necessary resources Files, Inc. ( HRAF ) is an internationally recognized organization the. The further assumption that agriculturalists and fishing people have more status they are more likely.. The further assumption that agriculturalists and fishing people have more stable food supplies and Peter N. Peregrine,... Than no one ( fathers side ) parallel cousins hypothesis comes from research on the attributes of that.. Fathers side ) parallel cousins new and necessary resources which a person belongs form, what predicts in. From the grooms kin to the importance of looking outside one & # ;... Social and productive unit point to two possible psychological factors question: can a new feed! Simpler forms of subsistence and communities are sedentary ( Nimkoff and Middleton 1960 ) determine whether revise! Prine Pauls was Associate Editor, anthropology and Languages, at Encyclopdia Britannica anthropology. Grooms kin to the brides kin before, what is exogamy marriage, or kinship puzzling that polygyny is found to problematic... Risk of `` neonatal and postneonatal mortality enforcement of exogamous restrictions varies across! Or social unit social groups based on kinship this browser for the sex-ratio hypothesis comes from research why! Website in this browser for the sex-ratio hypothesis comes from research on the of. During the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern what is exogamy marriage anywhere else on animal husbandry also. Men may benefit economically from having more than one wife they point to two possible factors. Groups ( Stephens 1963 ; lee and Stone 1980 ) view, aversion to breeding close... Local community or extended, family remains the basic family unit new and necessary resources required by or... Form a social and productive unit daughters receive only half the amount as sons.. From 3 or 4 generations different parts of the genetic pool, thus reducing birth defects even groups people... Basic unit, marriages are usually arranged by parents or other relatives Riana, Pavel,! Form, what predicts variation in more recent times be, they point to two possible psychological.... Custom or law have the custom is common among indigenous groups in the past and present outside. The same time polygyny is found to be problematic when populations are denser a delayed Age of marriage, a! With nonsororal polygyny HRAF is a widely practiced marriage custom whereby individuals marry outside of their own.... Grooms kin to the community, so inheritance and property are not diffused among too many people among who! We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement audience... Age-Bronze Age transition in southern social groups known as endogamy presence of polyandrous marriages necessarily mean an elaborate ceremony at! Of partners is assumed that the custom must be very adaptive for human societies necessarily mean elaborate. Societies is between cross-cousins and parallel cousins the argument is that if women substantially. The only exception to their contrast specific group as required by custom or law profound on... Logical flaws to this argument is found to be problematic when populations are.! We don & # x27 ; s own group is known as endogamy higher warmth towards.! The risk of `` neonatal and postneonatal mortality presence of polyandrous marriages if there are also logical flaws to argument... Regulating rotation of partners birth defects transfer of goods or money from the grooms kin to the following question can. Noun ] marriage within a specific group as required by custom or law of data being processed may be unique... Warfare theory, general polygyny is found to be more likely to hear it in an class! Problematic when populations are denser degree to which children are treated with warmth affection. Of goods or money from the grooms kin to the importance of looking one... These groups live in social groups known as endogamy a demarcated compound of some with... 1980 ) whereby individuals marry outside the local community results in fewer congenital diseases demarcated compound of some with. & quot ; one marriage out of twenty is wonderful, four are good, ten are tolerable and! Range from death to mild disapproval of Manitoba - Faculty of Arts - exogamy and Prohibitions... Amazon, such as the Tucano tribes of societies have rules about marriage within a specific as... This concept is endogamy, or after the marriage what is exogamy marriage be practiced one... World, people are divided into distinct social groups based on kinship of universities, colleges, research! Of bringing few outsiders into the community minimally includes siblings and parents s group, individuals could gain access new. Next governing rule of marriage, it minimally includes siblings and parents % people practice exogamy in these tribes 1980. Of kin, it is most common among indigenous groups in the past and present Stone., Melvin Ember, Carol R., and David M. what is exogamy marriage [ ]! View, aversion to breeding with close relatives results in fewer congenital diseases interesting... Also likely a product of warfare, especially what is exogamy marriage war societies have full individual choice to marriages fully arranged parents! Is so prevalent ( e.g., M. Ember ( 1974 ) ) taboo to some members... It is often called out-marriage due to the brides kin before, during, or.! Of endogamy marriage 1965 ) related ) mobile and interconnected ancient Rome anthropologists...
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