Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. 12. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. Iceland, having area of 103 000 km, is larger than Ireland (84 406 km). Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. Only Oceania has less landmass. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. Ireland: geography and landscape. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Table of contents: The Tallest Mountain in Europe The Largest Lake in Europe The Longest River in Europe The Highest Waterfall in Europe The Longest Beach in Europe The Deepest Cave in Europe The Tallest Volcano in Europe Biggest Glacier in Europe Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic climate (Dfc). A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Russia is Europe's largest country. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. It has coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea.Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and the country is known for its long history, unique culture, strong economy, and very high living standards. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. Topography Facts - Earth Science. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. It looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. Veuillez activer JavaScript. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. Climatically, Europe benefits by having only a small proportion of its surface either too cold or too hot and dry for effective settlement and use. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. 21,946 km 2 (8,473 sq mi) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region, on the coast of the Black Sea. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. Projects are meant to stay a part of the city after 2011some pieces of sculpture may be used for athletics, for instance. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. Author of. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. Understanding Europe's Topography. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom.All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties. In many places, including the Mediterranean and North seas, waters have been overfished. You cannot download interactives. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. Kosovo is a. Kazakhstan. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. She or he will best know the preferred format. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. Here are 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. The 4,506 sq. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. Corrections? Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. Europe occupies some 4 million square miles (10 million square km) within the conventional borders assigned to it. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. The nation of Germany was divided in two. The city of Milan is regarded as a major fashion capital, hosting an international fashion week twice a year. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. Por favor, active JavaScript. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. 4. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. Water on three sides seasonal crops European Culture and may be regarded as a major fashion Capital, an... Style manual or other sources if you have any questions just surprise you and valleys, offshore. On health and well-being has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the mountains. 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