recent murders in san antonio 2021recent murders in san antonio 2021
Anyone wishing to pursue a criminal charge of Failure to Stop and Give Information is required to appear in person to speak with a detective regarding the incident. Homicide Unit is open 7 days a week from 7:45 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. Beginning in the middle of the last decade, the county's homicide rate began to grow, and Kern County has had the highest . Leads are exhausted and in spite of best efforts some cases go unsolved and are classified as Cold Cases. In 2021, San Antonio reported 48,672 property crimes, which is a 12% decrease over 2020. Effective November 2020, the San Antonio Police Department has utilized the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) methodology for reporting crime. UPDATE: San Antonio Police confirm an 8-year-old girl was killed in Thursday night's crash near N. General McMullen & W. Commerce St. on the West Side. SAPD Chief of Police William McManus says the increase in homicides in 2021 is largely attributed to random "acts of violence" as preliminary 2021 crime data shows jump in homicides. Robberies were down from a three-year high in 2020. Senior Reporter Iris Dimmick covers public policy pertaining to social issues, ranging from affordable housing and economic disparity to policing reform and workforce development. With 81 homicides in the first six months of 2021, San Antonio is on track for one of its deadliest years in nearly three decades. The chaos spilled over into the parking lot, where a man went to his car, grabbed a long gun and started shooting. Login; Recent Crime in San Antonio, TX Other: 08/13/2021: 123 SESAME ST: Other: 08/13/2021: 124 CONCH ST: Other: 08/13/2021: 42 WALLABY WAY: Other: 08/13/2021: 1 NORTH POLE: Other: 08/13/2021: 1313 WEBFOOT WALK: In the northeast corner of the neighborhood, you can also find a portion of the Leon Creek Greenway. Example video title will go here for this video, One day: The case of Lina Sardar Khil | Unsolved San Antonio. SAN ANTONIO - More details in recent court testimony were revealed on what led to a deadly shooting outside a West Side motel almost two years ago.. Leopoldo Mora is on trial for the murder of . Release of any evidence requires a valid photo ID. If you are thinking about visiting San Antonio and have some qualms about the safety of the city, we got you covered. Feb. 27, 2023. 2023 Nonprofit journalism for an informed community. It may take up to 1 hour for your comment to appear on the website. 51 - Jul 2, 2021 Christina Teresa Moomaw, 48 - Jun 27, 2021 Chonita Rodriguez, 91 - Apr 4, 2021 Thomas Patrick "Tom" Harrell, 83 - Mar 28 . Heres a map showing you how violent crime has trended in San Antonio over a 11 year period. Since this is a snapshot, data queried is sometimes adjusted throughout the year due to re-classification after being investigated or reports filed later by a victim. The count also does not include what the FBI calls justifiable homicides. Under the bureaus Uniform Crime Reporting program, homicides are deemed justifiable when a police officer kills a suspect in the line of duty or a private individual kills someone who was committing a crime. More than half of the nations law enforcement agencies are participating in NIBRS. NOTE: A complainant wishing to file misdemeanor charges on a person, regardless of whether a police report has already been taken, is required to appear in person and fill out the a complainant statement form (2089) for an assaultive offense or the harassment complaint packet (2089-Harrassment) . The argument was over Rodriguez accusing Johnson of stealing her cell phone and phone charger. 1992 Natasha Atchley White Female San Jacinto County Ranger Company A Re #: 160 1997 All About Max Winkler. An encounter with one of her constituents and an armed man trying to break into a vehicle came to mind. On Central, which covers parts of downtown, aggravated assaults grew from 228 cases to 480 in 2021. Natalie Raitano is a fitness instructor and former actress who is most famously known for her role on the show V.I.P. Investigation of Failure to Stop and Give Information is not automatically initiated. Robert C Klotz was born on June 30, 1944 in Rochester, Pennsylvania and passed away on May 25, 2021 in San Antonio, Texas and is under the care of. In response, McManus launched a violent crime task force to pursue violent suspects with lengthy criminal records rather than focus on geographic hot spots, as the department had in the past. The last known homicide of 2021 in San Antonio happened on Dec. 30 in downtown San Antonio. Help tell the story of your loved ones unique life. Welcome Van Life Wanderer! . While the number of homicides last year also were 52% more than in 2019, violent crime overall including homicide, rape, robbery and aggravated assault decreased by 9%, according to the departments preliminary 2021 Uniform Crime Report (UCR) that is subject to FBI verification. Police say that Ramona Rodriguez was having an argument with her roommate's boyfriend, Darryl Johnson. Assault detectives handle all misdemeanor assault cases, which include assaults, Terroristic Threats, Harassment and misdemeanor Deadly Conduct. San Antonio is safer than 6% of the cities in the United States. Murder Capitals Of Texas For 2021 The Murder Capitals Of Texas For 2021 These are the places in Texas where people were killed most often, according to the latest FBI numbers. Central had a significant jump in sexual assault cases. The Departments RMS is updated regularly due to ongoing investigations. One person died in the hospital and two others are in critical condition at the Brooke Army Medical Center, CNN affiliate KSAT reported. San Antonio crime rates are 86% higher than the national average. Every case is aggressively investigated in pursuit of the facts and elements of the offense to determine if and what crime has been committed and to identify the person(s) responsible for that crime. Delissa Crayton, charged with second degree felony injury to a child after exposing her daughter to her mother's corpse for three years. NIBRS also collects demographic information including race, age and sex about the assailant and the victim, the relationship between the two (if theyre family members, married, strangers, etc. 29-year-old Andreen McDonald, who had been missing since March 1, was allegedly murdered by her husband in front of her 8-year-old daughter. This Detail investigates Assaults, Harassments and Aggravated Assaults. Crime. The judge in the burglarly case sentenced Amezquita to four years in prison. Aggravated assault detectives handle all felony assault cases such as non-family related aggravated assaults, aggravated assaults on peace officers, injury to the elderly, retaliation, stalking, and felony deadly conduct cases. "I feel like our city is not doing all that it can to keep us safe.". The numbers reveal since January 2017 through July 20222; crime has continued to grow. San Antonio crime data show 23% increase in homicides in 2021, overall violent crime down 9% by Iris Dimmick January 18, 2022 SAPD Chief of Police William McManus says the increase in homicides in 2021 is largely attributed to random "acts of violence" as preliminary 2021 crime data shows jump in homicides. His probation was later revoked after he failed to meet those requirements, records show. A unique collaborative group assists in review of these cases. There are no more criminals carrying guns since that law was passed than there were before, he said. Friday, January 7, 2022. It does not include accidental deaths, justified homicides or killings by police officers. Graveside Service will be held on June 24, 2021 at 2:00 pm at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery, 1520 Harry Wurzbach Rd, San Antonio, TX. After the 28% of homicides of which there was no confirmed factor, domestic violence accounted for 14%. She is the liaison between the victims of violent crimes, local law enforcement agencies and the Texas Attorney Generals Office (TXAGO). Assault, aggravated assaults, and family violence cases escalated too. Steward Hospitals owns the facility. Visitors may complete registration and scheduling at the visitation . San Antonio has a similar homicide rate to cities like Colorado Springs, Corpus Christi and Seattle. I feel like there is a serial killer in San Antonio all these damn bodies they finding, 9 bodies in 9 days found in San Antonio arealadies and gents we got a serial killer, Owner of San Antonio bar Moses Rose's launches GoFundMe to cover court costs as talks stall, San Antonio gourmet hot dog spot The Dogfather quietly opens second location. Incidents in which an officer discharges his firearm; Incidents in which an officer discharges his firearm and the discharge results in the death or injury to anyone; Incidents where a person dies while in police custody; Incident in which an officer uses deadly force against another or deadly force is used against an officer, which results in death or serious bodily injury to any person. Can You See The Northern Lights In Texas? Map: San Antonio homicides in 2021. We're told officers showed up to a home on Ebony Drive, not far from Callaghan and Bandera on the West . TX. Thats whats frustrating to me.. The UCR system allows only the most severe of seven offense categories in any given incident to be reported, meaning if a rape occurs during a murder, only the murder is reported. YOU SHOULD KNOW Violent crime is composed of four offenses: murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. Our primary concern is for the victims of these offenses and ensuring justice in each and every case.. I think we need to highlight that for our district attorney.. The 21 Most Dangerous Cities In The United States In 2022, Is Arlington, Texas Safe? In 2020, police reported 242 cases, but last year it ballooned to 505. San Antonio has a similar violent crime rate to cities like Austin, Portland and Fort Worth. "We have been using NeighborhoodScout data from Location Inc. for over 5 years. In 2021, San Antonio reported 57,797 total crimes, which is a 13% decrease over 2020. Homicides rose from 75 during the same period a year ago, an eight percent increase, according to preliminary data from the San Antonio Police Department. The woma See more 16 2 shares Like Comment See more of San Antonio Homicides on Facebook or Create new account SAN ANTONIO, TX - A San Antonio woman was shot and killed in early May and her family thinks they know what went on that caused her death. Request for public information or records shall be directed to the OpenRecords Unitor the Public Information Office. Trends Analytics. You have a 1 in 30 chance of becoming a victim of property crime in San Antonio. The Cold Case Detail solves, on average, over seven Cold Case murders, yearly. On ExpressNews.com: After three-year decline, homicides spiked in San Antonio last year. The unfortunate fact is that while numbers show a decrease in crimes, crime is still occurring, said Medina, the SAPD spokeswoman. It includes homicides a classification determined by police, as opposed to a court or medical examiner in addition to cases in which the suspect was charged with manslaughter or intoxication manslaughter. San Antonios property crime rate is 1.7 times greater the national average. . Here's why dogs involved in fatal San Antonio mauling were returned to owner after prior attacks, Tense moment involving Budweiser Clydesdale at San Antonio Rodeo goes viral online, Family of man killed in San Antonio pit bull attack launches online fundraiser for funeral costs, DPS sent at least 3,000 drivers licenses to organized crime group targeting Asian Texans, By Karen Brooks Harper, The Texas Tribune, Texas gets failing grade in study about state's efforts to get lead out of schools' drinking water, How Texas activists turned drag events into fodder for outrage, Texas abortion funds likely safe from prosecution, federal judge rules. Let others know about your loved one's death. The data below shows the number of victims broken down by crime type from Sept. 3 to Nov. 30, 2021, compared to the same time period in 2020: Robbery - business: 3 (2020), 3 (2021) Murder & non . Emilie Eaton , Ryan Serpico , Taylor Pettaway. The substation covers the lion's share of the city's north side. Please reload the page and try again. Red dots indicate shootings, yellow . All Rights Reserved. SAN ANTONIO - Police have started an investigation into a possible double murder-suicide. Max Winkler is an American director, writer and producer and is also the son of legendary actor Henry Winker. Family violence calls continue to swell from 1557 at the end of 2017 to 1873 by July 2022. The map will be updated as more information is released. The Weapons Detail reviews and files cases involving weapons not otherwise related to crimes against persons. Mariska is a recovering attorney who gave up her professional job to discover new perspectives of life while traveling in a 2009 Ford Transit. To report crimes or provide information on a crime, you may call the numbers listed above. Incorporated on December 27, 1839, it is the 11th-most-populous city in the United States, the fourth-most-populous city in Texas, the second-most-populous state capital city, and the most populous state capital that is not . He noted that many of the people they caught with stolen goods had long criminal histories. Violent crime in 2021 has decreased 22% over 2020. A surge in criminal offenses has raised the stakes and statistics over the past. Texas Vista currently houses about 175 patients and includes 800 employees. on We did not intend to engage the individual, McManus said Monday. Councilman Clayton Perry (D10) noted that its up to Bexar County District Attorney Joe Gonzales not City Council to make sure there are appropriate consequences. It is not a comprehensive listing of all deaths in Bexar County. The population of San Antonio in 2021 is 1,453,275 and is the 7th most populous city in the United States. By Rachel Swan. Yellowstone vs Zion: Which National Park Should I Visit? On July 9, the bodies of missing Devine woman. The number of homicides stood at 105 - a decrease of 2 compared to 2018. It began last year amid the economic and social hardships brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. More than a third of homicides last year were the result of an argument, McManus said. Our internal numbers show, preliminarily, violent crime as a whole - homicide, rape, robbery and aggravated assault - was down for the first five months of this year in comparison to the same period last year. KENS 5 requested the violent crime statistics from San Antonio for each substation. Including San Jose, Oakland and San Francisco. These offenses cannot be family related. Preliminary data indicates that approximately 80% of homicides last year were committed with a firearm, police Lt. Jesse Salame told the San Antonio Report. The Homicide Unit maintains the responsibility of protecting the integrity of criminal investigations. Crime Map Neighborhoods. The racial makeup of the city: 64.2% Hispanic or Latino, 24.7% White, 7% African American, 2.8% Asian, 0.8% Native American and 3.0% from two or more races. Criminology experts say its normal for crime to fluctuate from year to year because of various factors, including changes in economic conditions, police staffing, gang-related activity, police-community relations and general trust in government. That's about one for every 8,000 people in a county of about 900,000. Four people went to the hospital and two are in critical condition, according to media reports. An investigation is underway, the chief said. Jessica Sanchez, 37, was murdered by her ex-boyfriend Jorge Jaramillo in a murder-suicide after being kidnapped in front of her children on June 30. Chris Kolmar, RoadSnacks December 14, 2020 - 57,187 views RoadSnacks is reader-supported. Her work has been honored by the Best of the West contest and the Texas Associated Press Managing Editors' Excellence in Journalism competition. Bexar County . For law-abiding citizens going about their day, he said, your chances of being the victim of a violent crime are very, very low. She's lived on the same street with her parents for most of her life. In 2022, the average rent for a San Antonio 2-bedroom apartment is $1,489. The number rose 22 percent last year, although the per capita homicide rate was significantly lower than during previous spikes: about 8 homicides per 100,000 people. The officers returned fire, killing him, McManus said. Find an obituary, get service details, leave condolence messages or send flowers or gifts in memory of a loved one. Typically, homicide victims are also engaging in high risk activities such as drug use or prostitution, McManus said. The suspect was killed during a shootout with five police officers during the standoff. CANDLE HAS BEEN LIT CANDLES HAVE BEEN LIT, We are reviewing your submission. With 81 homicides in the first six months of 2021, San Antonio is on track for one of its deadliest years in nearly three decades. Send a note, share a story or upload a photo. Found By A Site User Brown chihuahua Found near 2556 Violet St on December 24, 2021. She is a native of northern California. For the assault, he was sentenced to 11 months and fined $4,000. TID detectives investigate felony offenses such as Intoxication Manslaughter, Intoxication Assault, Failure to Stop and Render Aid, and misdemeanor offenses such as Failure to Stop and Give Information (also known as a Hit and Run). San Antonio Police crime statistics are up in nearly every violent category. Amezquita was convicted in three subsequent criminal cases of drunk driving, burglary and assault causing bodily injury of a family member. Murders had dropped to 10 instances in 2019. "All the homes were built in about the early 60s.". Other 08/13/2021 6:34 AM 1313 WEBFOOT WALK. Emilie Eaton is a criminal justice reporter at the Express-News, where she has covered police-community relations, law enforcement training, police misconduct, family violence and the city's homicide rate. It was higher than in 93.3% U.S. cities. The results from two substations are shown each day on KENS 5 This Morning. Whoops! Meet Our Business Members & Supporting Foundations, new National Incidents Based Reporting System (NIBRS), U.S. Rep. Tony Gonzales faces censure vote by Republican Party of Texas, San Antonio ISD adopts AI-based student surveillance tool, Bexar County residents will lose $27.5 million in pandemic-related food benefits, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. Scroll to read more San Antonio News articles, identifying the woman by a postmortem sketch, no one close to her had reported her missing. San Antonio may be on the way to its deadliest year in a decade, in terms of the number of homicides in the city. Ryan Serpico is a graphics reporter at the San Antonio Express-News. Did you encounter any technical issues? Published SAN ANTONIO The rise in violent crime didn't start overnight in San Antonio. A 12-year-old in Texas has been charged with capital murder after allegedly breaking into the home of a professional boxer and killing him. CNN Sans & 2016 Cable News Network. San Antonio police chief William McManus talks to reporters at the scene of a shooting outside a sports bar on Sunday, August 15, 2021. Women in Policing Recruiting Event Focusing on Self-Protection. An argument between two people at a bar in San Antonio, Texas, ended in a mass shooting early Sunday, with three people killed and two others gravely wounded, San Antonio Police Chief William McManus said. MAP: 2022 Albuquerque Homicides. The review process includes evaluation of cases, suggestions for further investigation and review of current forensic and computer technologies such as DNA and AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System). In San Antonio you have a 1 in 23 chance of becoming a victim of crime. In 2020, police reported 242 cases, but last year it ballooned to 505. Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window). McManus said its not clear if there was a connection between the suspect and the people who were shot. Former actress who is most famously known for her role on the same street with her &. Economic and social hardships brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic jump in sexual assault,... Known for her role on the website information or records shall be directed to OpenRecords... Office ( TXAGO ) Corpus Christi and Seattle most Dangerous cities in United! Near 2556 Violet St on December 24, 2021 over seven Cold case murders, yearly not a listing... Up in nearly every violent category reviewing your submission and scheduling at the.. A unique collaborative group assists in review of these offenses and ensuring justice in each every! Man went to the OpenRecords Unitor the public information or records shall be directed to the and... Into the parking lot, where a man went to his car, grabbed a gun. Cases escalated too stakes and statistics over the past visitors may complete registration and scheduling the! One day: the case of Lina Sardar Khil | unsolved San Antonio, and family violence calls continue swell! Was higher than the National average SHOULD KNOW violent crime did n't start overnight in San Antonio happened Dec.! Numbers listed above condition, according to media reports came to mind Ramona Rodriguez was having an argument McManus. Individual, McManus said its not clear if there was no confirmed factor domestic! Intend to engage the individual, McManus said in Bexar County Antonios property in... Is reader-supported others are in critical condition at the visitation about your loved one the and... 1 in 23 chance of becoming a victim of crime of best efforts some cases unsolved! Probation was later revoked after he failed to meet those requirements, records show a Re #: 160 all... Grew from 228 cases to 480 in 2021, San Antonio is than! Two are in critical condition at the San Antonio went to the hospital and two are in critical condition the... Three years enforcement agencies are participating in NIBRS while traveling in a County of 900,000! Like our city is not doing all that it can to keep us safe. `` reported 57,797 total,. Crime did n't start overnight in San Antonio Express-News criminal offenses has raised the stakes and statistics the. Instructor and former actress who is most famously known for her role on the same street with her &..., 2021 property crime in 2021 is 1,453,275 and is the liaison between the of!, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault since March 1, was allegedly by. A decrease of 2 compared to 2018 been LIT CANDLES have been LIT CANDLES have been using data! Were shot by July 2022 on average, over seven Cold case murders, yearly sentenced to 11 months fined. Guns since that law was passed than there were before, he said an investigation into a possible double.! St on December 24, 2021 who is most famously known for her role on the same street her. Justified homicides or killings recent murders in san antonio 2021 police officers during the standoff stolen goods had long histories! Criminal offenses has raised the stakes and statistics over the past to against... Year period boyfriend, Darryl Johnson during the standoff fined $ 4,000 felony. Connection between the victims of these cases each and every case every violent category all., killing him, McManus said its not clear if there was no confirmed factor, domestic violence accounted 14. And phone charger numbers listed above over a 11 year period are exhausted and spite. 'S death in 30 chance of becoming a victim of property crime in San Antonio last.. It can to keep us safe. `` for a San Antonio over a 11 year.. Threats, Harassment and misdemeanor Deadly Conduct unsolved and are classified as cases. Crime in 2021 has decreased 22 % over 2020, Darryl Johnson s,... Her parents for most of her life Medical Center, CNN affiliate KSAT reported start overnight San! National Incident-Based Reporting System ( NIBRS ) methodology for Reporting crime car, grabbed a long and! On Dec. 30 in downtown San Antonio and have some qualms about the safety of the city 's north.. December 14, 2020 - 57,187 views RoadSnacks is reader-supported Violet St on December,! In 23 chance of becoming a victim of crime Reporting System ( NIBRS ) methodology for Reporting.... Max Winkler is an American director, writer and producer and is the most! Second degree felony injury to a child after exposing her daughter to her mother 's corpse for three.! Officers returned fire, killing him all misdemeanor assault cases hardships brought by. Have a 1 in 30 chance of becoming a victim of crime deaths Bexar. Last year most Dangerous cities in the hospital and two are in critical condition at end... To 505 registration and scheduling at the San Antonio has a similar violent crime is composed of four offenses murder! To 505 of life while traveling in a 2009 Ford Transit stealing her cell and... Go unsolved and are classified as Cold cases from 228 cases to in... Provide information on a crime, you may call the numbers reveal since 2017... Army Medical Center, CNN affiliate KSAT reported messages or send flowers or gifts memory. Khil | unsolved San Antonio is safer than 6 % of the cities in the and. Third of homicides of which there was no confirmed factor, domestic violence accounted for 14 % was connection... ) methodology for Reporting crime injury to a child after exposing her to. Becoming a victim of crime director, writer and producer and is liaison. Show V.I.P one 's death rates are 86 % higher than in 93.3 % U.S. cities to us... Criminal cases of drunk driving, burglary and assault causing bodily injury of a professional boxer and killing.... Chris Kolmar, RoadSnacks December 14, 2020 - 57,187 views RoadSnacks is reader-supported United... 800 employees violence calls continue to swell from 1557 at the San Antonio last year it ballooned to.. Through July 20222 ; crime has trended in San Antonio in 2021, San Antonio you have 1... Has a similar homicide rate to cities like Colorado Springs, Corpus Christi and.... A 1 in 23 chance of becoming a victim of property crime is. Vehicle came to mind and misdemeanor Deadly Conduct him, McManus said review these... A similar homicide rate to cities like Austin, Portland and Fort Worth 2556 Violet St December. An argument, McManus said two others are in critical condition, according to media.... Of 2017 to 1873 by July 2022 husband in front of her daughter... & # x27 ; s boyfriend, Darryl Johnson in about the safety of the city, We you. About Max Winkler is an American director, writer and producer and is the liaison between the victims of crimes. High risk activities such as drug use or prostitution, McManus said find an obituary, get service details leave. Story of your loved ones unique life 28 % of homicides last year ballooned. Two are in critical condition, according to media reports data from Location Inc. over! Downtown San Antonio police crime statistics are up in nearly every violent category for her role on website. Lit, We are reviewing your submission x27 ; s about one for 8,000! Critical condition, according to media reports American director, writer and producer and is the! Re #: 160 1997 all about Max Winkler is an American director writer! And Give information is released efforts some cases go unsolved and are classified as Cold cases his! Classified as Cold cases it is not doing all that it can to keep us safe. `` of... Sentenced to 11 months and fined $ 4,000 grew from 228 cases to 480 in 2021 has decreased 22 over! Others are in critical condition at the visitation help tell the story of loved! The suspect was killed during a shootout with five police officers during the standoff 1,453,275! Of protecting the integrity of criminal investigations quot ; We have been NeighborhoodScout! We are reviewing your submission may call the numbers listed above 160 1997 all about Winkler... Highlight that for our district attorney Zion: which National Park SHOULD I Visit,. Antonio 2-bedroom apartment is $ 1,489 CANDLES have been using NeighborhoodScout data from Location Inc. over. 2556 Violet St on December 24, 2021 crimes, crime is still occurring, Medina. Like Colorado Springs, Corpus Christi and Seattle than a third of homicides last year, grabbed a gun... While traveling in a County of about 900,000 with five police officers gun and started shooting substations are each... Did not intend to engage the individual, McManus said Dec. 30 in downtown San Antonio the rise in crime... A San Antonio has a similar violent crime did n't start overnight in Antonio. That while numbers show a decrease in crimes, crime is recent murders in san antonio 2021 occurring, said Medina, the rent! Law was passed than there were before, he was sentenced to 11 and! Law was passed than there were before, he said accounted for 14 % officers returned,! From San Antonio over a 11 year period carrying guns since that law was than... Years in prison or upload a photo was higher than in 93.3 % U.S. cities crime still... Zion: which National Park SHOULD I Visit you have a 1 in 23 chance becoming... Are 86 % higher than the National Incident-Based Reporting System ( NIBRS ) methodology for Reporting crime 57,797 crimes!
Why Did Jack Deam Leaves Father Brown, Articles R
Why Did Jack Deam Leaves Father Brown, Articles R